Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39407358›Full record

ArticleDrug testing and analysis2025

Lipid and Corticosteroid Biomarkers Under the Influence of Bisphosphonates.

Kathy Tou, Adam Cawley, Glenys Noble, Jaymie Loy, David Bishop, John Keledjian, Kireesan Sornalingam, Stacey Richards, Shanlin Fu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kathy TouCentre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-3292
Adam CawleyRacing Analytical Services Ltd, Flemington, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-8617
Glenys NobleSchool of Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Jaymie LoySchool of Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-5519
David BishopHyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
John KeledjianAustralian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kireesan SornalingamAustralian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Stacey RichardsAustralian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-0927
Shanlin FuCentre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-3612

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Detecting the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in equine athletes is of interest to regulators and laboratories due to the threat to welfare issues for the potential to provide analgesic effects and manipulating bone structure. The detection of BPs in biological matrices is challenging due to erratic biological elimination and inconsistent analytical recoveries. Therefore, complementary approaches are needed to provide evidence of their misuse in racehorses. BPs have two sub-classes: nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous. This study investigated plasma elimination following administration of one example from each sub-class, together with changes in endogenous eicosanoid and corticosteroids. Zoledronic acid (ZA) and tiludronic acid (TA) were administered by IV infusion to 8 thoroughbred horses with an 11-month washout period between each administration. Sample preparation for quantification of BPs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) utilised a two-step solid phase extraction (SPE) consisting of polymeric reversed-phase followed by weak anion exchange prior to derivatisation using trimethyl orthoacetate. Endogenous biomarkers were analysed after protein precipitation and SPE with polymeric reversed-phase prior to liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using data independent acquisition. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed ZA was undetectable after 8 h post-administration while TA was detected up to the final collection point of 28 days post-administration. The LC-HRMS analysis utilised targeted (i.e., prior inclusion list of compounds) approaches to monitor level changes of eicosanoid and corticosteroid biomarkers. Putative biomarkers were identified and now subject to validation for translation into routine sample analysis for improved retrospectivity to detecting BP misuse in equine plasma.

Indexed as

Adrenal Cortex HormonesBone Density Conservation AgentsDiphosphonatesImidazolesLipidsSubstance Abuse DetectionAnimalsBiomarkersChromatography, LiquidDoping in SportsHorsesMaleSolid Phase ExtractionTandem Mass SpectrometryZoledronic AcidAdrenal Cortex HormonesBiomarkersBone Density Conservation AgentsDiphosphonatesImidazolesLipidstiludronic acidZoledronic Acidanti‐dopingbiomarkersbisphosphonateslipidsplasma

Identifiers

PMID39407358
PMCPMC12209688

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.