Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39407177›Full record

SynthesisBMC oral health2024

Probiotics in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Carlota Duarte de Mendonça, António Duarte Sola Pereira da Mata, Luís Filipe Ribeiro Azevedo, Joana Faria Marques, João Miguel Lourenço Silveira, Duarte Nuno da Silva Marques

Abstract readSystematic ReviewNetwork Meta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Assessing the Impact ofNutrients · 2026
    Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. MPRO3 Regulates Macrophage Polarization and OsteoclastogenesisJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Tryptophan-EnrichedBiomaterials research · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Carlota Duarte de MendonçaBiology and Oral Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-1995
António Duarte Sola Pereira da MataBiology and Oral Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-2681
Luís Filipe Ribeiro AzevedoFaculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health (MEDCIDS@FMUP), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-450, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-2937
Joana Faria MarquesBiology and Oral Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-642X
João Miguel Lourenço SilveiraBiology and Oral Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0662
Duarte Nuno da Silva MarquesBiology and Oral Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal. duarte.marques@campus.ul.pt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-8281

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of combining professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) with probiotics compared to PMPR + placebo on probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Randomized controlled trials published until November 2023 were searched across electronic databases, peer-reviewed journals, and grey literature. Two authors independently selected, extracted data, and assessed bias risk. Primary outcomes were mean changes in PPD and CAL. Secondary outcomes included mean changes in bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and colony-forming units. Network meta-analysis with the frequentist weighted least squares approach evaluated the data quantitatively, and CINeMA framework evaluated the quality of evidence. In 33 articles involving 1290 patients, results were stratified by follow-up period (short and long-time studies) and sensitivity analyses conducted based on probiotic therapy duration (1 month reference). Network meta-analysis revealed significant mean differences in PPD for nine probiotic interventions, CAL for eighteen interventions, and BOP for eight interventions, with Lactobacillus demonstrating the most substantial effects. Combining PMPR with probiotics as adjuvants to subgingival instrumentation may be more effective in improving PPD and CAL. Lactobacillus emerged as the most comprehensive and effective among the studied probiotic.

Indexed as

PeriodontitisProbioticsDental PlaqueHumansLactobacillusPeriodontal IndexPeriodontal PocketRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicChronic periodontitisNetwork meta-analysisProbioticsSynbioticsSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39407177
PMCPMC11481756

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.