ArticleNano convergence2024
Evaluation of size-dependent uptake, transport and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastic in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model.
Article in Nano convergence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Molecular and Cellular Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular, Nervous, Urinary, Digestive, and Reproductive System Diseases: A Global Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Microplastics as Emerging Neurotoxins: Brain Accumulation, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration Risk.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Size-dependent internalization of micro- and nanoplastics induces pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in marine and freshwater fish cell lines.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Article
- Applications of Stem Cells and Modern Toxicological Analytical Methods in the Toxicity of Microplastics.Toxics · 2026Review
- Health Risks of Prenatal and Early-Life Microplastics Exposure: A Comprehensive Review.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Emerging evidence on micro- and nanoplastics carcinogenicity: mechanisms, models, and signaling networks.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Taurine Mitigates Microplastic-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Modulation of Neurobehavior, Neurotransmitters, Oxidative Stress, and AKT-1/CREB-1/BDNF Signaling in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- From Kitchen to Cell: A Critical Review of Microplastic Release from Consumer Products and Its Health Implications.Toxics · 2026Review
- Micro- and nanoplastic exposure as an emerging risk factor for depressive-like phenotypes across species: a systematic review.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Micro/Nanoparticles in the Nose-Brain Axis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineering an immune-integrated lung-on-a-chip to reveal TOX-RAGE axis-driven fibrosis and RAGE blockade as a therapeutic strategy.Nano convergence · 2025Article
- Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure Triggers an Activation and Stress Response in Human Astrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Environmental Stressors and Neuroinflammation: Linking Climate Change to Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Micro-Embolic Events and Their Clearing in the Brain. A Narrative Review.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Nano- and Microplastics in the Brain: An Emerging Threat to Neural Health.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Humans: Distribution, Exposure, and Toxicological Effects.Polymers · 2025Review
- Pathways to the Brain: Impact of Fine Particulate Matter Components on the Central Nervous System.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Study on the toxic effect of seawater-aged microplastics on Philippine curtain clams.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microplastics, particularly those in the micrometer scale, have been shown to enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Recent research indicates that microplastics can potentially impact the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the exact mechanisms of their transport, uptake, and subsequent toxicity at BBB remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the size-dependent uptake and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microparticles using an engineered BBB model. Our findings demonstrate that 0.2 μm polystyrene microparticles exhibit significantly higher uptake and transendothelial transport compared to 1.0 μm polystyrene microparticles, leading to increased permeability and cellular damage. After 24 h of exposure, permeability increased by 15.6-fold for the 0.2 μm particles and 2-fold for the 1.0 μm particles compared to the control. After 72 h of exposure, permeability further increased by 27.3-fold for the 0.2 μm particles and a 4.5-fold for the 1.0 μm particles compared to the control. Notably, microplastics administration following TNF-α treatment resulted in enhanced absorption and greater BBB damage compared to non-stimulated conditions. Additionally, the size-dependent toxicity observed differently between 2D cultured cells and 3D BBB models, highlighting the importance of testing models in evaluating environmental toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.