ArticleScientific reports2024
Assessment of NK cytotoxicity and interactions with porcine endothelial cells by live-cell imaging in 2D static and 3D microfluidic systems.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- From single cell analysis to 3D micro physiological systems: microfluidic tools integrating cancer cell targets for delineating natural killer cell biology.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Circulating natural killer cells are phenotypically and functionally altered in age-related macular degeneration.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Assays: Clinical Applications and Future Directions.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2026Review
- Automated cytotoxicity assessment of natural killer cells by flow cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning Reveal TSPAN7 Regulates the Involution of Infantile Hemangioma via NK Cells.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Homogeneous shear distribution improves NK-92 cell cytotoxicity in a clinically relevant 2 L membrane-stirred bioreactor.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are pivotal in immune responses to viral infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation. Assessment of NK cell adhesion, migration, and cytotoxicity is fundamental for in vitro studies. We propose a novel live-cell tracking method that addresses these three major aspects of NK cell function using human NK cells and primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) in two-dimensional (2D) static assays and an in-house cylindrical 3D microfluidic system. The results showed a significant increase of NK cytotoxicity against pTNF-activated PAECs, with apoptotic cell death observed in the majority of dead cells, while no difference was observed in the conventional Delfia assay. Computed analysis of NK cell trajectories revealed distinct migratory behaviors, including trajectory length, diameter, average speed, and arrest coefficient. In 3D microfluidic experiments, NK cell attachment to pTNF-activated PAECs substantially increased, accompanied by more dead PAECs compared to control conditions. NK cell trajectories showed versatile migration in various directions and interactions with PAECs. This study uniquely demonstrates NK attachment and killing in a 3D system that mimics blood vessel conditions. Our microscope method offers sensitive single-cell level results, addressing diverse aspects of NK functions. It is adaptable for studying other immune and target cells, providing insights into various biological questions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.