ArticleCells2024
Establishment and Characterization of Testis Organoids with Proliferation and Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into Spermatocytes and Spermatids.
Article in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Post-translational modification of proteins in the human testis development pathway.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Germ cells are essential for testicular morphogenesis and functional reconstruction in a porcine xenograft model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploration of Novel Markers in Tan Sheep Spermatogenesis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- From Cells to Organoids: Approaches, Regulatory Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges of Organoids.Cells · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin remodeling complexes in controlling spermatogenesis and their dysfunction with male infertility.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression patterns during seminiferous tubules maturation in Guanzhong dairy goats.BMC genomics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Organoids play pivotal roles in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying organogenesis, intercellular communication, and high-throughput drug screening. Testicular organoids are essential for exploring the genetic and epigenetic regulation of spermatogenesis in vivo and the treatment of male infertility. However, the formation of testicular organoids with full spermatogenesis has not yet been achieved. In this study, neonatal mouse testicular cells were isolated by two-step enzymatic digestion, and they were combined with Matrigel and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Histological examination (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that cell grafts assembled to form seminiferous tubules that contained spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and Sertoli cells, as illustrated by the co-expression of PLZF (a hallmark for SSCs) and SOX9 (a marker for Sertoli cells) as well as the co-expression of UCHL1 (a hallmark for SSCs) and SOX9, after 8 weeks of transplantation. At 10 weeks of transplantation, SSCs could proliferate and differentiate into spermatocytes as evidenced by the expression of PCNA, Ki67, c-Kit, SYCP3, γ-HA2X, and MLH1. Notably, testicular organoids were seen, and spermatids were observed within the lumen of testicular organoids after 16 weeks of transplantation, as shown by the presence of TNP1 and ACROSIN (hallmarks for spermatids). Collectively, these results implicate that we successfully established testicular organoids with spermatogenesis in vivo. This study thus provides an excellent platform for unveiling the mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenesis, and it might offer valuable male gametes for treating male infertility.
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Registered trials
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