ArticleNucleic acids research2024
Probing the mechanism of nick searching by LIG1 at the single-molecule level.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of search for specific sites in DNA by DNA-binding proteins.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Real-Time Visualization of G2L4 Reverse Transcriptase in DNA Repair via Microhomology-Mediated End Joining.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impaired nick recognition and ligation efficiency by LIG1 K845N variant linked to Huntington's disease.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Repair pathway coordination from gap filling by polβ and subsequent nick sealing by LIG1 or LIG3α governs BER efficiency at the downstream steps.DNA repair · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
DNA ligase 1 (LIG1) joins Okazaki fragments during the nuclear replication and completes DNA repair pathways by joining 3'-OH and 5'-PO4 ends of nick at the final step. Yet, the mechanism of how LIG1 searches for a nick at single-molecule level is unknown. Here, we combine single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches, C-Trap and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), to investigate the dynamics of LIG1-nick DNA binding. Our C-Trap data reveal that DNA binding by LIG1 full-length is enriched near the nick sites and the protein exhibits diffusive behavior to form a long-lived ligase/nick complex after binding to a non-nick region. However, LIG1 C-terminal mutant, containing the catalytic core and DNA-binding domain, predominantly binds throughout DNA non-specifically to the regions lacking nick site for shorter time. These results are further supported by TIRF data for LIG1 binding to DNA with a single nick site and demonstrate that a fraction of LIG1 full-length binds significantly longer period compared to the C-terminal mutant. Overall comparison of DNA binding modes provides a mechanistic model where the N-terminal domain promotes 1D diffusion and the enrichment of LIG1 binding at nick sites with longer binding lifetime, thereby facilitating an efficient nick search process.
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