Trial reportNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2025
Complex Exercises Improve Cognition in People With Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait.
Trial report in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial Using Wearable Devices in a Mobile Health Model.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Mindfulness combined with cognitive motor dual task training in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.iScience · 2026Article
- Effects of sensorimotor-cognitive training on balance and gait in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The Muscle-Brain Axis in Aging: Mechanistic and Clinical Perspectives on Resistance Training and Cognitive Function.Biology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal associations between physical performance and cognition in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Symptom Networks and Associations with Quality of Life in Patients with Early to Mid-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Network Analysis.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence has suggested that cognitive decline may be a risk factor for freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Complex and challenging exercises have been suggested as potential rehabilitation strategies to decrease FOG severity and improve cognition; however, it is unknown whether improvement in cognition would explain decreased FOG severity following exercise.
objectiveIn this secondary analysis, we evaluated the effects of the adapted resistance training with instability (ARTI-complex and challenging exercises) compared with traditional motor rehabilitation (TMR-without challenging exercises) on cognitive function in people with FOG of PD. We also verified whether cognitive improvement explains the decrease in FOG previously published.
methodsParticipants were randomized to either the experimental group (ARTI, n = 17) or the active control group (TMR, n = 15). Both training groups exercised 3 times a week for 12 weeks (80-90 minute each session). FOG severity (FOG ratio from inertial sensors during a 360° turning-in-place task), frontal lobe function (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), and attention and psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]) were evaluated before and after interventions.
resultsOnly the ARTI group improved FAB, MoCA, and DSST scores at posttraining. In addition, ARTI was more effective than TMR in improving FAB scores at posttraining. The changes in FAB scores explained the changes in FOG ratio following ARTI (
conclusionsThis pilot study suggests that ARTI, a complex and challenging training, improves cognition in people with FOG of PD. Improvements in frontal lobe function with ARTI help explain decreased FOG severity.
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