Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39403778›Full record

ArticleInternational health2025

Using disruptive innovation to design endoscopic ligators for resource-challenged health settings.

Jack T Gardner, Vincent Dusabejambo, Steve P Bensen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jack T GardnerSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, 03756.
Vincent DusabejamboDepartment of Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, 6677.
Steve P BensenSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, 03756.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCommercial single-use endoscopic multiband ligators, used for esophageal variceal band ligation (EVL), are prohibitively expensive. To enable greater access to EVL, we used disruptive innovation to develop a novel endoscopic multiband ligator.

methodsWe designed and tested a prototype handle 'ENDOhandle' using computer-aided design modeling and exported a cap, trigger cord and latex to form a functional banding unit.

resultsThe cost of the banding unit was US$4.80 compared with several hundred US dollars for commercially available devices in the USA.

conclusionsDisruptive innovation technology developed an inexpensive ligator for resource-challenged health settings.

Indexed as

Equipment DesignEsophageal and Gastric VaricesComputer-Aided DesignHumansLigationUnited Statesesophageal bandinginnovationligatorvarices

Identifiers

PMID39403778
PMCPMC12045085

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.