ArticleBMC public health2024
Smoking cessation and mortality risk reduction in older adults with long-term smoking history.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Duration of smoking cessation and DNA methylation aging clocks among US adults: potential reversibility of smoking-induced biological aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Nicotine pouches: an aid in smoking cessation, or a new public health hazard?Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Factors Associated with Smoking Cessation in Underdeveloped Areas of Indonesia.Journal of research in health sciences · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Endoscopic Gastric Mucosal Lesions: Analysis of Lifestyle, Dietary, and Clinical Determinants in 361 Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association between smoking cessation and decreased mortality existed among former smokers has been well documented. However, evidence is limited for smokers with long-term exposure. This study aims to quantify the association between smoking cessation and mortality by years since quitting in older adults with long-term smoking history.
methodsData from Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study (BHACS), conducted among communities aged over 55 years old at recruitment, were collected via questionnaire between July 2009 and September 2015 and followed up for all-cause and cancer mortality until March 2021. Self-reported smoking status and years since quitting were collected at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between smoking cessation and all-cause and cancer mortality.
resultsA total of 11 235 participants (43.9% male) were included, with a mean age of 70.35 (SD 7.71) years. Former smokers comprised 31.7% of the cohort, with a median smoking duration of 43 (IQR: 34-50) years. During 71 573 person-years of follow-up, there were 1 617 deaths (14.4% of the total cohort), of which 872 (17.7%) occurred among male participants. Compared with never smokers, HR (95%CI) for participants who current smoked was 2.898 (2.092-4.013); quit smoking less than 10 years (medians [quartiles] 4 [1, 7] years) before recruitment was 2.738(1.972-3.802); 10 to 20 years (16 [13, 20] years), 1.807(1.286-2.540); and 20 years or more (30 [25, 37] years), 1.293(0.981-1.705). The risk of all-cause and cancer mortality decreased gradually over years since quitting. Quitting less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years and 20 years or more, former smokers avoided an estimated 8.4%, 57.5% and 84.6% of excess all-cause mortality associated with current smoking, respectively. The association between smoking cessation and decreased mortality was observed among former smokers regardless of smoking history.
conclusionsIn this study, current smoking was associated with nearly triple the mortality risk compared to never smoking. Smoking cessation, even after a long-term smoking history, was associated with significant decreases in the relative excess mortality linked to continuing smoking. The association were more pronounced in men.
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