Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39402397›Full record

ReviewArchives of microbiology2024

Biofilm matrix: a multifaceted layer of biomolecules and a defensive barrier against antimicrobials.

Harini Ragupathi, Mahamahima Muthuswamy Pushparaj, Sarves Mani Gopi, Deenadayalan Karaiyagowder Govindarajan, Kumaravel Kandaswamy

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Archives of microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. A deformableMaterials today. Bio · 2026
    Article
  11. EthanolicMicroorganisms · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. The prevalence and distribution ofFrontiers in microbiomes · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Evaluation of Colonization byMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Host-Associated Biofilms:Microorganisms · 2025
    Review
  20. Rabbit model of a biofilm-contaminated, percutaneous orthopaedic endoprosthesis.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Harini RagupathiResearch Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Mahamahima Muthuswamy PushparajResearch Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Sarves Mani GopiResearch Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Deenadayalan Karaiyagowder GovindarajanSingapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore.
Kumaravel KandaswamyResearch Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India. kumaravel.k.bt@kct.ac.in.

Funding

Science and Engineering Research Board SRG/2019/000094
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial cells often exist in the form of sessile aggregates known as biofilms, which are polymicrobial in nature and can produce slimy Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). EPS is often referred to as a biofilm matrix and is a heterogeneous mixture of various biomolecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA/RNA (eDNA/RNA). In addition, bacteriophage (phage) was also found to be an integral component of the matrix and can serve as a protective barrier. In recent years, the roles of proteins, polysaccharides, and phages in the virulence of biofilms have been well studied. However, a mechanistic understanding of the release of such biomolecules and their interactions with antimicrobials requires a thorough review. Therefore, this article critically reviews the various mechanisms of release of matrix polymers. In addition, this article also provides a contemporary understanding of interactions between various biomolecules to protect biofilms against antimicrobials. In summary, this article will provide a thorough understanding of the functions of various biofilm matrix molecules.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacteriophagesBiofilmsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsExtracellular Polymeric Substance MatrixAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsBacteriophageBiofilmsExtracellular DNAExtracellular RNAVirulence

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.