ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2024
Progress of nations in the organisation of, and structures for, kidney care delivery between 2019 and 2023: cross sectional survey in 148 countries.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The psychosocial matters: a call for attachment theory in kidney health research.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Development of a prognostic nomogram for long-term renal function in chronic kidney disease patients on the basis of clinicopathologic parameters.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- The impact of social determinants of health on acute kidney injury.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Global landscape of kidney health across Indigenous populations.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Kidney transplantation versus maintenance dialysis in 14 EU countries: cost savings, payback time, and budget impact.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Kidney Dysfunction-Associated Intracerebral Haemorrhage: Global Trends and Regional Disparities (1990-2021).Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Article
- Predictive value of creatinine-cystatin C ratio for mortality and technique failure in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Global Burden and Health Inequalities of Heart Failure Attributable to Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis from 1990 to 2021.Cardiorenal medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating Animal Models for Improved Hemodialysis Vascular Access: A Focus on Arteriovenous Fistula.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Initiatives to enhance referral patterns from primary care to specialist kidney care:a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess changes in key measures of kidney care using data reported in 2019 and 2023.
designCross sectional survey in 148 countries.
settingSurveys from International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas between 2019 and 2023 that included participants from countries in Africa (n=36), Eastern and Central Europe (n=16), Latin America (n=18), the Middle East (n=11), Newly Independent States and Russia (n=10), North America and the Caribbean (n=8), North and East Asia (n=6), Oceania and South East Asia (n=15), South Asia (n=7), and Western Europe (n=21).
participantsCountries that participated in both surveys (2019 and 2023).
main outcome measuresComparison of 2019 and 2023 data for availability of kidney replacement treatment services, access, health financing, workforce, registries, and policies for kidney care. Data for countries that participated in both surveys (2019 and 2023) were included in our analysis. Country data were aggregated by International Society of Nephrology regions and World Bank income levels. Proportionate changes in the status of these measures across both periods were reported.
resultsData for 148 countries that participated in both surveys were available for analysis. The proportions of countries that provided public funding (free at point of delivery) increased from 27% in 2019 to 28% in 2023 for haemodialysis, 23% to 28% for peritoneal dialysis, and 31% to 36% for kidney transplantation services. Centres for these treatments increased from 4.4 per million population (pmp) to 4.8 pmp (P<0.001) for haemodialysis, 1.4 pmp to 1.6 pmp for peritoneal dialysis, and 0.43 pmp to 0.46 pmp for kidney transplantation services. Overall, access to haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis improved, however, access to kidney transplantation decreased from 30 pmp to 29 pmp. The global median prevalence of nephrologists increased from 9.5 pmp to 12.4 pmp (P<0.001). Changes in the availability of kidney registries and in national policies and strategies for kidney care were variable across regions and country income levels. The reporting of specific barriers to optimal kidney care by countries increased from 55% to 59% for geographical factors, 58% to 68% (P=0.043) for availability of nephrologists, and 46% to 52% for political factors.
conclusionsImportant changes in key areas of kidney care delivery were noted across both periods globally. These changes effected the availability of, and access to, kidney transplantation services. Countries and regions need to enact enabling strategies for preserving access to kidney care services, particularly kidney transplantation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.