Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39401320›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2025

Exploring the Interactions Between Psychotic Symptoms, Cognition, and Environmental Risk Factors: A Bayesian Analysis of Networks.

Minke J Bosma, Maarten Marsman, Jentien M Vermeulen, Karoline B S Huth, Lieuwe de Haan, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Claudia J P Simons, Frederike Schirmbeck

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Minke J BosmaDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3720-5635
Maarten MarsmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jentien M VermeulenDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Karoline B S HuthDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Lieuwe de HaanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Behrooz Z AlizadehUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1415-8007
Claudia J P SimonsMaastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7637-3589
Frederike SchirmbeckDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

Dutch Health Research Council 10-000-1001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisPsychotic disorders (PDs) have huge personal and societal impact, and efforts to improve outcomes in patients are continuously needed. Environmental risk factors (ERFs), especially modifiable risk factors, are important to study because they pose a target for intervention and prevention. No studies have investigated ERFs, cognition, and psychotic symptoms together in a network approach. STUDY

designWe explored interactions between 3 important ERFs (tobacco smoking, cannabis use, and childhood trauma), 6 cognitive domains, and 3 dimensions of symptoms in psychosis. From the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) cohort, we used data from patients, siblings, and healthy controls to construct networks using Bayesian analyses of all 12 variables. We constructed networks of the combined sample and of patients and siblings separately. STUDY

resultsWe found that tobacco smoking was directly associated with cognition and psychotic symptoms. The cognitive variable processing speed was the most central node, connecting clusters of psychotic symptoms and substance use through the variables of positive symptoms and tobacco smoking. Comparing the networks of patients and siblings, we found that networks were relatively similar between patients and siblings.

conclusionsOur results support a potential central role of processing speed deficits in PDs. Findings highlight the importance of integrating tobacco smoking as potential ERFs in the context of PDs and to broaden the perspective from cannabis discontinuation to smoking cessation programs in patients or people at risk of PDs.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesCognitive DysfunctionMarijuana UsePsychological TraumaPsychotic DisordersSiblingsTobacco SmokingAdolescentAdultBayes TheoremFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsYoung Adultcannabischildhood traumaenvironmental risk factorsprocessing speedpsychiatryschizophreniasmoking

Identifiers

PMID39401320
PMCPMC12236352

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.