ArticleJAMA network open2024
Layperson-Administered Naloxone Trends Reported in Emergency Medical Service Activations, 2020-2022.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Locations of emergency medical services attended non-fatal opioid-involved overdoses, 888 counties, USA, 2022-2024.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Nonfatal Drug Overdose in a National Sample of Adolescents by Intent and Substance, Medicaid 2016-2020.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Perceptions surrounding intranasal naloxone use and access among a population experiencing homelessness.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Practice variability of epinephrine administration in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Impact of Bystander Naloxone on Emergency Medical Transport Refusal After Opioid Overdose: A Statewide Retrospective Analysis.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Experimentally Informed Numerical Simulations of Spray Deposition and Runoff Doses in a 10-Day-Old Nose Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advanced Airway Device Use Order During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Why have overdose deaths decreased? Widespread fentanyl saturation and decreased drug use among key drivers.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Enhancing Naloxone Distribution for Opioid Users in the USA: A Cost-Utility Analysis of Academic Detailing to Clinicians.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Increase in 9-1-1 activations for obstetric-related emergencies following the Dobbs decision in the United States.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Usability of Mixed Reality for Naloxone Training: Iterative Development and Field Testing of ReviveXR.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Layperson-administered naloxone (LAN) is a powerful but incompletely characterized intervention to prevent opioid-related overdose mortality. LAN trends are relevant to policy and strategic planning in naloxone distribution initiatives. Objective: To assess the 2-year LAN trend for persons in the United States receiving naloxone during emergency medical services (EMS) activations. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the United States from June 2020 to June 2022 among 65 621 195 EMS activations from 911 responses, EMS standbys, or when EMS crews functioned in an ambulance intercept role or during mutual aid to another ambulance response. Activations within health care settings and interfacility or medical transports were excluded. Data are from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), the national EMS patient care record database. From June 2020 to June 2022, NEMSIS included more than 96 million EMS activations from nearly 14 000 agencies across 54 states and territories. Exposures: EMS clinician-reported LAN. Main Outcome and Measures: The primary outcome was the trend of receiving LAN, measured by EMS clinician documentation. Results: From June 2020 to June 2022, EMS reported 744 078 patients receiving naloxone, with 24 990 (3.4%) involving LAN. Patients were predominantly male (17 331 [69.4%]) and had a median (IQR) age of 42 (31-56) years, with the majority treated in urban homes or residences (21 692 [86.8%] urban; 13 223 [52.9%] in-home or residence). Of the total naloxone recipients, 243 985 patients (32.8%) had suspected drug overdose documentation as either the primary or secondary impression. Overall, the percentage change in naloxone administration rates decreased 6.1% over the study period (from 1140.1 [95% CI, 1135.1-1145.1] per 100 000 EMS activations to 1070.1 [95% CI, 1064.9-1075.3] per 100 000 EMS activations), while the percentage change of persons receiving LAN increased 43.5% (from 30.0 [95% CI, 29.2-30.8] per 100 000 EMS activations to 43.1 [95% CI, 42.0-44.1] per 100 000 EMS activations). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, the LAN rate increased from June 2020 to June 2022 as reported in the national EMS database. These findings help inform policies and practices aimed at mitigating the devastating impacts of the opioid epidemic and saving lives. Novel public health strategies are needed to measure the effects of this intervention nationally, evaluate approaches to expand naloxone distribution, and address naloxone usage barriers.
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