ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2024
Anatomical mapping of the 4th intercostal nerve's lateral cutaneous branch in both sexes: implications for advanced breast Reconstruction.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Direct Neurotization Feasibility With Intercostal Nerve in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Anatomical Study of the Lateral Cutaneous Branch of the Intercostal Nerves in the Intramuscular Portion.Cureus · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeThis study aims to map the point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve in both sexes, addressing gaps in the current literature. The findings are intended to support surgeons in restoring breast function by providing precise anatomical data, regardless of the specific surgical technique employed.
methodsAn anatomical study was conducted using 50 sides from 25 formalin-preserved full-body donors, with equal representation of male and female subjects. Measurements were taken to determine the fascial point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve relative to the anterior axillary line and the transverse line. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the influence of variables such as sex, height, and side.
resultsOur findings indicate that the fascial point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve is consistently located within 20 to 24 mm relative to the transverse line in 37 (74%) cases, and within 4 to 10 mm relative to the anterior axillary line in 39 (78%) cases, regardless of sex, height, or side. The multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between these variables and the position of the point of emergence (p > 0.05).
conclusionThese results provide surgeons with a practical tool for nerve coaptation during breast reconstruction, showing that sex and height do not affect the anatomical localization of the point of emergence. Precise knowledge of this point can improve surgical accuracy and enhance sensory recovery, leading to better patient outcomes.
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