ArticleInternational journal of cancer2025
Cytokine-armed vaccinia virus promotes cytotoxicity toward pancreatic carcinoma cells via activation of human intermediary CD56
Article in International journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and safety of GC001: an oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing STRIP1 shRNA.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cytokine-armed vaccinia virus promotes cytotoxicity toward pancreatic carcinoma cells via activation of human intermediary CD56International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Targeting Triple NK Cell Suppression Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a particularly aggressive disease with few effective treatments. The PDAC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is known to be immune suppressive. Oncolytic viruses can increase tumor immunogenicity via immunogenic cell death (ICD). We focused on tumor-selective (vvDD) and cytokine-armed Western-reserve vaccinia viruses (vvDD-IL2 and vvDD-IL15) and infected carcinoma cell lines as well as patient-derived primary PDAC cells. In co-culture experiments, we investigated the cytotoxic response and the activation of human natural killer (NK). Infection and virus replication were assessed by measuring virus encoded YFP. We then analyzed intracellular signaling processes and oncolysis via in-depth proteomic analysis, immunoblotting and TUNEL assay. Following the co-culture of mock or virus infected carcinoma cell lines with allogenic PBMCs or NK cell lines, CD56
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Registered trials
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