Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39399549›Full record

ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2025

Coprophenomena Associated With Worse Individual and Family Function for Youth With Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Samantha P Myers, Kathleen D Meeks, Heather Adams, Amy E Vierhile, Erika Augustine, Alyssa Collins, Adam B Lewin, Tanya K Murphy, Jonathan W Mink, Jennifer Vermilion

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Samantha P MyersDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0819-7984
Kathleen D MeeksDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.
Heather AdamsDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-4297
Amy E VierhileDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-2696
Erika AugustineDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8985
Alyssa CollinsDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.
Adam B LewinDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.
Tanya K MurphyDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-6977
Jonathan W MinkDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7867-3710
Jennifer VermilionDepartment of Neurology (SPM, HA, AEV, JWM, JV), University of Rochester, NY; HUCK Institute of the Life Sciences (KDM), Penn State University, State College, PA; Kennedy Krieger Institute (EA), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (AC), University of Rochester, NY; and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (ABL, TKM), University of South Florida, Tampa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-2922

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Tourette syndrome (TS) is defined by multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tics with a symptom duration of >1 year. Coprophenomena are uncommon tics characterized by obscene sounds, words, or gestures. Youth with TS commonly have psychiatric co-occurring conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder and have reported lower scores on measures of individual and family functioning than youth without TS. This study aimed to determine associations among co-occurring condition symptoms, tic severity, and function in youth with TS and coprophenomena compared with those with TS without coprophenomena. Methods: Data were collected through a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Youth with TS were recruited from 2 referral centers, and data were collected from youth and their parents or caregivers. Tic severity was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, and individual function was measured with the Children's Global Assessment Scale. Family impact was measured using the Family Impact Module in domains of parent health-related quality of life (HRQOL), family functioning, and total family impact. We compared individual and family function in youth with TS with coprophenomena (TS+copro) and without coprophenomena (TS-copro). Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare scores on individual function and family function measures. Results: Of 169 participants, 17 (10.1%) reported coprophenomena. Participants with TS and coprophenomena had higher tic severity scores than those without coprophenomena (TS+copro mean = 36.9, TS-copro = 20.8). Youth with coprophenomena had lower scores for global function (TS+copro median = 51, TS-copro = 60), family functioning (TS+copro = 43.8, TS-copro = 59.4), parent HRQOL (TS+copro = 57, TS-copro = 72), and total family QOL (TS+copro = 50.7, TS-copro = 65.3). Discussion: Youth with TS and coprophenomena had lower individual function, family function, and parent HRQOL than youth without coprophenomena. Coprophenomena presence may indicate that youth have a more severe phenotype of TS, and youth with copropheneomena may benefit from additional caregiver or family supports.

Identifiers

PMID39399549
PMCPMC11464232

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.