ReviewCureus2024
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) in Onychomycosis: HLA-DR8 Confers Susceptibility.
Review in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Onychomycosis (OM) is a nail infection from various fungal species, representing a worldwide dermatologic health concern. The toenails are most often affected. Comorbid chronic health conditions and environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of OM. It has been observed that certain populations have an increased risk of developing OM, suggesting an inherited component to its etiology. Recent studies have observed the impact of the human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) profile on the likelihood of developing OM; however, none have aggregated these studies for a meta-analysis to determine a statistical effect. The literature was systematically reviewed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to determine the effect of the HLA-DR profile on OM susceptibility. Studies that contained HLA-DR allele frequency data on patients with OM were included. Studies that contained too much allele frequency data, did not contain HLA-DR allele frequency data, or were written in a non-English language were excluded. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scientific Direct databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed by using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment case-control study tool. The results were generated using Review Manager version 5.4 by extracting and inputting HLA-DR allele frequency data into the program. The program created aggregated odds ratios that were visually represented in forest plots. A total of five articles were included in the analysis. One hundred fifty-six patients with OM were used in this analysis. Mexican mestizos and United States Caucasian populations were represented in this study. Overall, the NIH risk of bias tool revealed that most studies included did not justify their sample size, or the assessors were not blinded. Of all the HLA-DR alleles analyzed, only HLA-DR8 revealed a statistically significant result with an odds ratio of 1.70 with a 95% CI (1.05-2.76). This suggests that HLA-DR8 confers a 70% higher risk of susceptibility to OM. This finding can help identify these target populations and serve as the basis for personalized treatment solutions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.