SynthesisDrug and alcohol review2025
Associations of parenting styles with substance use in the offspring-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Drug and alcohol review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Authoritarianism in youth social life: systematic literature review (2015-2025).Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of parenting styles with substance use in the offspring-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Pooled it
- Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Legitimacy of Parental Authority: Developmental trajectories and relation to adjustment outcomes.International journal of behavioral development · 2026Article
- Parenting Across European Cultures: Parental Practices and Adolescent Adjustment in Germany and Spain.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adolescent's views of positive and negative influences of family on wellbeing.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring Pathways from Childhood Adversity to Substance Use in Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Raising Generation Z Children in China: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment.Psychosocial intervention · 2025Article
- Raising to conformity without strictness: is it achievable?Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A Preliminary Evaluation of Daily and Momentary Variability in Parenting Practices During Adolescent Alcohol Use and Co-Occurring Disorders Treatment.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
issuesParenting styles have been suggested to predict the use of psychoactive substances in the offspring, although the size of associations might vary between cultures. The present meta-analysis tested whether parenting styles show concurrent and longitudinal associations with substance use and whether this association is moderated by study characteristics. APPROACH: A systematic search in electronic data bases resulted in 184 studies that were included in multi-level meta-analysis. KEY
findingsAn authoritative parenting style correlated with lower substance use (r =-0.12, confidence interval [CI] -0.14 to -0.10) while the reverse was found for neglectful (r = 0.10, CI 0.08 to 0.13), permissive (r = 0.04, CI 0.01 to 0.07) and authoritarian parenting (r = 0.03, CI 0.00 to 0.05). Analysis of cross-lagged effects found only an effect of authoritative parenting on decline of substance use (r = -0.06, CI -0.12 to -0.00). The size of associations varied, in part, by levels of horizontal and vertical collectivism or individualism, assessment of three versus four parenting styles, type of substance, and use of same versus different informants for assessing parenting and substance use. IMPLICATIONS: Parenting styles show small to very small associations with substance use.
conclusionsAlthough parents are recommended to behave in an authoritative manner, we should have only modest expectations about the effects of parenting styles on substance use in the offspring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.