ArticlePediatric research2025
Early human milk feeding: Relationship to intestinal barrier maturation and postnatal growth.
Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01756040 (Gut Permeability in Very Low Birth Weight Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gut Permeability in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Balancing access to donor human milk: Rationing vs expanding use.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Review
- Review of the biological gap between mother's own milk and pasteurized donor milk: implications for intestinal health in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Nutritional Strategies for Intestinal Rehabilitation in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEarly exposure to mother's own milk (MOM) promotes intestinal barrier maturation in preterm infants. We hypothesized (1) donor human milk (DHM) supplementation reduces intestinal permeability (IP) similar to exclusive MOM and (2) early HM exposure and low IP at 7-10 days postnatal age (PNA) are associated with improved growth outcomes.
methodsIP was measured by the standard sugar absorption test (SAT) in infants <33 weeks gestation between 7-10 days PNA. Nutritional and anthropometric data were recorded. Postnatal growth failure (PNGF) was defined as a decrease in weight z-score >1 from birth to discharge to home.
resultsOf 158 preterm infants, the mean (SD) gestational age was 29.9(2.3) weeks and birthweight 1388(424) g. Diet prior to SAT was exclusive MOM [N = 55(35%)], DHM ± MOM [N = 52(33%)], or preterm formula±MOM [N = 51(32%)]. The mean Lactulose(La)/Rhamnose(Rh) ratio was lower in the exclusive MOM [0.06(0.07)] and DBM ± MOM [0.05(0.07)] groups compared to the preterm formula±MOM group [0.11(0.11)], p < 0.01). Cumulative intake >150 ml/kg MOM ± DHM, but not preterm formula within 7-10 days PNA was associated with early intestinal barrier maturation. Low IP was not associated with lower risk of PNGF at discharge.
conclusionsLow IP is associated with cumulative intake of MOM alone or supplemented with DHM > 150 ml/kg within 7-10 days PNA. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01756040 ; web link to study on registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01756040 . IMPACT: Key message Early intestinal barrier maturation is associated with cumulative intake of exclusive MOM alone or supplemented with DHM > 150 ml/kg within 7-10 days after birth, but is not associated with lower risk of PNGF at time of discharge. What it adds to existing literature? This observational study is the first study to demonstrate that supplemental DHM promotes intestinal barrier maturation similar to MOM alone. What is the impact? The findings underscore the importance of early introduction of human milk feeds as MOM or MOM supplemented with DHM in sufficient volume to promote early intestinal barrier maturation.
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