Observational studyBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024
Exploration of the triceps surae muscle in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy using instrumented measurements of stiffness and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging for muscle architecture.
Observational study in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05447299 (Neurobiomekaniska Modeller av Spasticitet Med hjälp av Personspecifika Muskelparametrar), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neurobiomekaniska Modeller av Spasticitet Med hjälp av Personspecifika Muskelparametrar
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantification of muscle morphology and stiffness in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy versus typically developing controls using magnetic resonance elastography.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2026Article
- Microscopic and molecular aspects of skeletal muscle alterations in cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Review
- Good to excellent reliability of instrumented ankle passive resistance and strength measurements in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- A low-cost, open-source device to evaluate limb stiffness in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMusculoskeletal alterations causing reduced range of motion of the ankle joint are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Objective measurements of passive joint resistance and three-dimensional skeletal muscle volume and muscle architecture can lead to a comprehensive understanding of which factors influence joint range of motion. RESEARCH QUESTION: To investigate the relation between the passive dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, biomechanical contributing factors to the passive joint resistance, and muscular architectural properties of the triceps surae muscle in children with CP.
methodsIn this cross-sectional observational study, 14 children with spastic CP (bilateral: 5, unilateral: 9, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I:11, II:3) naïve to intramuscular tone reducing treatment, and 14 TD children were included. The passive dorsiflexion of the ankle was measured with a goniometer. Passive joint resistance and related parameters were estimated based on a biomechanical model and measurements using a motorized device, the Neuroflexor. Three-dimensional muscle architecture was quantified with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI).
resultsIn the CP group, the median [min, max] passive dorsiflexion was decreased in the most affected leg (MAL) compared to the less affected leg (LAL) (2.5° [-25°, 20°] vs. 12.5° [5°, 30°], p = 0.001). The stiffness coefficient (Nm/rad) in the MAL was significantly higher in children with CP compared to TD children (7.10 [3.39, 62.00] vs. 2.82 [1.24, 10.46], p = 0.015). Muscle architecture properties did not differ between CP and TD, except for pennation angle in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) of the MAL (CP 17.64° (2.29) vs. TD 21.46° (3.20), p = 0.017). The stiffness coefficient, in the MAL, correlated negatively to passive dorsiflexion (r
conclusionThis study shows that stiffness of the plantarflexors is related to decreased passive dorsiflexion of the ankle and muscle structure of the MG in high-functioning children with spastic CP. Assessments of how dynamic components as well as microscopic muscle alterations contribute to joint stiffness in the plantarflexors in individuals with CP are warranted.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05447299. Observational study. Study start: 2019-01-15, register date: 2022-07-01.
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