Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39392460›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026

Validation of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury in mainland China.

Hai-Xia Xie, Ai-Rong Wu, Zi-Han Xu, Qi Zhang, Xin-Yu Wang, Hao Yu, Nan Li, Yan Wei, Xiao-Hong Li, Hua Zhai and 1 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hai-Xia XieShanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Ai-Rong WuShanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zi-Han XuSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qi ZhangSchool of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Xin-Yu WangShanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Hao YuSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Nan LiShanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yan WeiSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiao-Hong LiSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Hua ZhaiShanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Feng-Shui ChangSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CONTEXT/

objectiveThe 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) is the most widely used generic patient activation measure, but spinal cord injury (SCI) related psychometric evaluation of PAM-13 has not been explored globally. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Chinese version of the PAM-13 (PAM-13-C) for individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI).

designCross-sectional study.

settingShanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, and some participants were recruited in a WeChat group (the most commonly used social media platform in China).

participants284 individuals with spinal cord injury who had lived with the injury for ≥0.5 year.

interventionsNA. OUTCOME MEASURES: The PAM-13-C, global QoL, seven-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used.

resultsThe mean (SD) PAM-13-C score was 57.4 (16.5). The highest percentage of NA could be observed in item 9 (12.0%). Floor and ceiling effects of the total scores of PAM-13-C were small (0.7% and 6.7%), but a ceiling effect could be observed among all items. Exploratory Factor Analysis supported a one-factor model of the PAM-13-C (CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.07). Construct validity was established through correlation analysis among the PAM-13-C, GAD-7/PHQ-9, global QoL, and GSES. The PAM-13-C demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's

conclusionThe PAM-13-C is a reliable and valid measure of patient activation for individuals with CSCI in China.

Indexed as

Patient ParticipationPsychometricsSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultAgedChinaChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsSelf EfficacyYoung AdultChinaChronic spinal cord injuryPatient activation measureValidation

Identifiers

PMID39392460
PMCPMC12885025

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