Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39392427›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2025

Risk factors for second primary breast cancer by laterality, age, and race and ethnicity.

Esther M John, Jocelyn Koo, Sue A Ingles, Theresa H Keegan, Scarlett L Gomez, Christopher A Haiman, Allison W Kurian, Marilyn L Kwan, Susan L Neuhausen, Salma Shariff-Marco and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Immigration and Social Factors, Tumor Stage, and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer in Asian American and Hispanic Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Laterality and Completeness Patterns of Nonsyndromic Clefts in a Multiethnic Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Esther M JohnDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3259-8003
Jocelyn KooStanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Sue A InglesDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Theresa H KeeganDivision of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Scarlett L GomezDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0097-9971
Allison W KurianDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Marilyn L KwanDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, United States.
Susan L NeuhausenDepartment of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5053-0390
Salma Shariff-MarcoDivision of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2541-3333
Catherine ThomsenZero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA, United States.
Anna H WuDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Iona ChengDivision of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4132-2893

Funding

Molecular Profiles and Lifestyle Factors in Breast Cancer PrognosisR01CA129059 · NCI · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI CAAN, BETTE J · 2009 to 2013
$3.6M
California Breast Cancer Research 1RB-0287California Breast Cancer Research B28IB5487CDC HHSCDC HHS Y01-HD-7022Emory University N01-HD-3-3168Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center N01-HD-2-3166Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State UniversityNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNCI NIH HHS R01 CA129059NICHD NIH HHS Y01 HD007022NIH HHSNIH HHS R01 CA129059State of California Department of Public HealthThe Los Angeles County Asian American Breast Cancer StudyUniversity of Pennsylvania N01-HD-3-3176University of Southern California N01-HD-3-3175
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpidemiological studies of risk factors for second primary breast cancer (SBC) have been conducted primarily in non-Hispanic White (NHW) women.

methodsA racially and ethnically diverse population-based pooled cohort of 9639 women with first primary stage I-III invasive breast cancer (FBC) was linked with the California Cancer Registry; 618 contralateral SBC (CSBC) and 278 ipsilateral SBC (ISBC), diagnosed more than 6 months after FBC, were identified. Using Fine and Gray models accounting for competing risks, we assessed associations of CSBC and ISBC risk with FBC clinical characteristics and epidemiological factors.

resultsIn younger women (FBC at age <50 years), higher CSBC risk was associated with ER/PR-negative FBC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68), breast cancer family history (HR = 2.20), and nulliparity (HR = 1.37). In older women (FBC at age ≥50 years), higher risk was associated with breast cancer family history (HR = 1.32), premenopausal status (HR = 1.49), overweight (HR = 1.39), and higher alcohol consumption (HR = 1.34). For ISBC, higher risk was associated with married status (HR = 1.94) in younger women, and overweight (HR = 1.60) among older women. For CSBC, HR estimates were generally similar across racial and ethnic groups. Even after adjustment for these risk factors, compared with NHW women, risk remained elevated for CSBC in younger African American, Asian American, and Hispanic women, and for ISBC in older African American and Hispanic women with ER/PR-positive FBC.

conclusionsOur findings support genetic risk evaluation, enhanced screening, and lifestyle changes in women at higher risk of SBC. Additional risk factors must contribute to the unequal burden of SBC across racial and ethnic groups.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsEthnicityNeoplasms, Second PrimaryAdultAgedAge FactorsAsianBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingParityProportional Hazards ModelsReceptors, EstrogenReceptors, Progesterone

Identifiers

PMID39392427
PMCPMC11884860

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.