Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39391975›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Women With Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or Müllerian Duct Aplasia/Agenesis.

Behzad Sorouri Khorashad, Oumaima Kaabi, Melissa D Gardner, Darios Getahun, Michael Goodman, Timothy L Lash, Peter A Lee, Courtney McCracken, Joshua May, Maria Muzik and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Differences of sex development.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Behzad Sorouri KhorashadSusan B. Meister Child Health and Evaluation Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9077-1022
Oumaima KaabiDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Melissa D GardnerSusan B. Meister Child Health and Evaluation Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Darios GetahunDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
Michael GoodmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6956-6879
Timothy L LashDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Peter A LeeDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Courtney McCrackenCenter for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA 30305, USA.
Joshua MayDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
Maria MuzikDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Suma VupputuriMid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Rami YacoubDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
David E SandbergSusan B. Meister Child Health and Evaluation Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7389-8283

Funding

Pathways to care and health outcomes among DSD patientsR01HD092595 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GOODMAN, MICHAEL, SANDBERG, DAVID ERIC · 2017 to 2021
$3.1M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD092595).NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092595
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextUnderstanding mental health issues facing individuals with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) is crucial for optimizing evidence-based practices in this population.

objectivesThis work aimed to compare the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among patients diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) or müllerian duct aplasia/agenesis (MA) to male and female reference groups.

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 3 large integrated health systems. Participants included all individuals with confirmed CAIS or MA enrolled in 1 of 3 Kaiser Permanente health-care systems between January 1, 1988, and January 31, 2017. For each DSD patient, age-, race/ethnicity- and health system-matched male and female referents with typical sex development were randomly selected. Outcome measurements were mental health diagnoses and use of psychiatric medications.

resultsThe prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the CAIS and MA cohorts was approximately twice as high as in male referents without DSD, but the corresponding differences relative to female referents were less evident. A subgroup of MA patients with uterine agenesis had a higher prevalence of bipolar disorder than either reference group, but these results were accompanied by wide CIs. Women with CAIS and MA more frequently filled psychiatric medications compared to male but not female referents.

conclusionOn balance, these findings are reassuring, albeit requiring confirmation in other settings. Future studies using longitudinal designs and patient-reported outcomes are needed to evaluate changes in mental health status of CAIS and MA patients at different ages and different intervals following initial diagnosis.

Indexed as

Androgen-Insensitivity SyndromeCongenital AbnormalitiesMental DisordersMullerian DuctsUrogenital Abnormalities46, XX Disorders of Sex DevelopmentAdolescentAdultAnxiety DisordersChildComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencecomplete androgen insensitivity syndromedifferences of sex developmentdisorders of sex developmentMRKHmüllerian duct agenesispsychiatric morbidityvaginal agenesis

Identifiers

PMID39391975
PMCPMC12187188

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.