ArticlePerioperative medicine (London, England)2024
Impact of virtual reality hypnosedation on perioperative pain and anxiety in port implantation under local anesthesia: a randomized controlled pilot trial (VIP Trial).
Article in Perioperative medicine (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of virtual reality on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing totally implantable venous access port: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Is Safe and Can Reduce In-Hospital Anxiety and Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequence Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Virtual Reality on Postoperative Pain Management Following Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- The effects of music and virtual reality on pain and anxiety during central venous port implantation: a randomised clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- A Novel Standardized Dexmedetomidine Nasal Spray Formulation for Procedural Sedation During Venous Port Implantation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Design and Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating Virtual Reality to Improve Patient Experience During PICC and PICC-PORT Placement in Oncology Patients.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Effects of Virtual Reality Hypnosis on Pain and Anxiety in Oncology Patients During Port-a-Catheter Placement Procedure: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Virtual reality in perioperative medicine: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- VR preoperative education with sensory information alleviates perioperative anxiety and enhances delivery experience in primiparas undergoing cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality in Preanesthetic Care: A Case Series on Feasibility and Usability.Journal of medical extended reality · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis monocentric randomized controlled pilot trial investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) hypnosedation on perioperative anxiety, pain, patient satisfaction, and medication usage during port implantation under local anesthesia.
methodsA total of 120 patients undergoing elective port implantation between January 2022 and August 2023 were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a VR hypnosedation group or a control group. The VR group used a commercially available VR headset with the HypnoVR application, providing various environments, musical backgrounds, and a guiding voice, while the control group underwent the procedure without VR. Patients with ASA > 3, chronic pain, cognitive issues, and contraindications against VR use were excluded. The main outcomes measured were perioperative pain and anxiety scores, with secondary outcomes including perioperative medication usage. Due to the nature of the interventions, blinding of patients and physicians was not feasible. Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive and exploratory, focusing on estimating effect sizes for future trials.
resultsThe study found no significant differences in immediate postoperative pain with 1.43 ± 1.63 vs. 1.6 ± 2.05 (p = 0.62) or anxiety scores 30.65 ± 9.13 vs. 31.78 ± 13.34 (p = 0.60) between the no VR and VR group, respectively. Additionally, there was a trend to less usage of certain medications, particularly remifentanil (mean dose of 200 mg vs. 100 mg (p = 0.12)) and novaminsulfon (mean dose of 1250 mg vs. 900 mg (p = 0.26)) in the VR group vs. no VR group, respectively. However, these differences were not statistically significant and therefore no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding medication usage based on this data.
conclusionWhile VR hypnosedation did not significantly reduce perioperative pain or anxiety in this pilot trial, the observed trends in reduced medication usage suggest potential benefits. These findings warrant further investigation in larger, confirmatory trials to better understand the role of VR in enhancing patient comfort and potentially reducing reliance on pharmacological interventions during surgical procedures.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00028508; registration date 15 March 2022; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1275-4995.
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