ArticleBMC psychiatry2024
Muscle quality index is associated with depression among non-elderly US adults.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- "Muscle quality": rethinking an imprecise term.European geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between Muscle Quality Index and Depression Symptoms in Women with Breastfeeding History: A NHANES-Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Muscle strength and the risk of Multimorbidity in Middle-aged and older Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Association between fat-to-muscle mass ratio and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Predictive role of the muscle quality index for testosterone deficiency in adult males based on interpretable machine learning methods.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Muscle quality index and hyperuricemia: adipose tissue as a mediator.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMuscle Quality Index (MQI), defined as the muscle strength per unit of muscle mass, is considered an emerging indicator of health and physical function. This study aims to explore the relationship between MQI and the risk of depression among non-elderly US adults.
methodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from participants aged between 20 and 59 years old, utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. The MQI was calculated by dividing the handgrip strength (HGS, kg) by the arm and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM, kg). Depression assessments were conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The relationship between MQI and the risk of depression was explored by weighted logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analyses.
resultsA total of 4773 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, low MQI levels were identified as an independent risk factor for depression (OR = 0.800, 95%CI:0.668-0.957, P = 0.015). Smooth curve fitting analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analysis did not identify any specific populations.
conclusionsHigher MQI levels were closely associated with a lower risk of depression among non-elderly US adults. MQI could enhance our understanding of the link between muscle and depression and might serve as a simple functional measure for evaluating and predicting depression.
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Registered trials
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