ArticleGenes & nutrition2024
Visnagin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via its potential inhibitory impact on malate dehydrogenase enzyme: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.
Article in Genes & nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting cancer signaling pathways and their therapeutic strategies.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Co-Culture with Two Soil Fungal Strains Enhances Growth and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- RIPK3 promotes ASIC1a-mediated fibroblast-like synoviocyte migration and invasion via malate shuttle-driven mitochondrial respiration in rheumatoid arthritis.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Multi-omics identification of immune-related biomarkers predicting tofacitinib response in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The present study aimed to evaluate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo inhibitory effect of visnagin on malate dehydrogenase activity and elucidate its inflammatory efficacy when combined with methotrexate in the RA rat model. The molecular docking, ADMET simulations, MDH activity, expression, and X-ray imaging were detected. Moreover, CRP, RF, (anti-CCP) antibody, (TNF-α), (IL-6), (IL-17), and (IL-10) were evaluated. The expression levels of MMP3 and FOXP3 genes and CD4, CD25, and CD127 protein levels were assessed. Histological assessment of ankle joints was evaluated. The results revealed that visnagin showed reversible competitive inhibition on MDH with inhibitory constant (Ki) equal to 141 mM with theoretical IC50 equal to 1202.7 mM, LD50 equal to 155.39 mg/kg, and LD25 equal to 77.69 mg/kg. In vivo studies indicated that visnagin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through decreasing MDH1 activity and expression and induced proliferation of anti-inflammatory CD4
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