Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39389409›Full record

SynthesisBiological psychiatry2025

Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of 9619 Cases With Tic Disorders.

Nora I Strom, Matthew W Halvorsen, Jakob Grove, Bergrún Ásbjörnsdóttir, Pétur Luðvígsson, Ólafur Thorarensen, Elles de Schipper, Julia Bäckmann, Per Andrén, Chao Tian and 16 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Biological psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Nora I StromDepartment of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: nora.strom@hu-berlin.de.
Matthew W HalvorsenCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Jakob GroveDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Bergrún ÁsbjörnsdóttirdeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Pétur LuðvígssonDepartment of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Ólafur ThorarensenDepartment of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Elles de SchipperCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
Julia BäckmannCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
Per AndrénCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
Chao Tian23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, California.
PGC TS Working Group
23andMe Research Team
Thomas Damm AlsDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
Judith Becker NissenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Sandra M MeierDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Jonas Bybjerg-GrauholmThe Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
David M HougaardThe Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Thomas WergeThe Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GLOBE Institute, Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anders D BørglumDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
David A Hinds23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, California.
Christian RückCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
David Mataix-ColsCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
Hreinn StefánssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kari StefanssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
James J CrowleyCentre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Manuel MattheisenInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology & Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Electronic address: manuel.mattheisen@dal.ca.

Funding

2/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Advancing Discovery and ImpactR01MH124851 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BOERGLUM, ANDERS, DAVIS, LEA K · 2021 to 2025
$5.4M
Genetic & Environmental Predictors of Tourette Syndrome & OCD in DenmarkR01MH105500 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CROWLEY, JAMES JOSEPH · 2015 to 2019
$3.0M
OCD: Novel Comparative Genomic Approaches to Identify Disease and Treatment MechanismsR01MH110427 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CROWLEY, JAMES JOSEPH · 2016 to 2021
$3.0M
5/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109514 · NIMH · CARDIFF UNIVERSITY · PI O'DONOVAN, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2020
$2.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105500NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110427NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124851NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109514
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the significant personal and societal burden of tic disorders (TDs), treatment outcomes remain modest, necessitating a deeper understanding of their etiology. Family history is the biggest known risk factor, and identifying risk genes could accelerate progress in the field.

methodsExpanding upon previous sample size limitations, we added 4800 new TD cases and 971,560 controls and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis with 9619 cases and 981,048 controls of European ancestry. We attempted to replicate the results in an independent deCODE genetics GWAS (885 TD cases and 310,367 controls). To characterize GWAS findings, we conducted several post-GWAS gene-based and enrichment analyses.

resultsA genome-wide significant hit (rs79244681, p = 2.27 × 10

conclusionsThis GWAS was still underpowered to identify high-confidence, replicable loci, but the results suggest imminent discovery of common genetic variants for TDs.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyTic DisordersGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideTumor Suppressor ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsGeneticGenomicGWASPsychiatricTic disorderTourette syndrome

Identifiers

PMID39389409
PMCPMC12036792

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.