Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39387937›Full record

Trial reportClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2026

Rhythm and rate control strategies in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation treated with cardiac resynchronization: the results of the randomized Pilot-CRAfT study.

Jan B Ciszewski, Mateusz Tajstra, Ilona Kowalik, Aleksander Maciąg, Tomasz Chwyczko, Agnieszka Jankowska, Edyta Smolis-Bąk, Bohdan Firek, Dariusz Zając, Jarosław Karwowski and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01850277 (Comparison of a Rhythm Control Treatment Strategy Versus a Rate Control Strategy in Patients With Permanent or Long-term Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure Treated With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy - a Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01850277 phase4unknown statusnot on this map

Comparison of a Rhythm Control Treatment Strategy Versus a Rate Control Strategy in Patients With Permanent or Long-term Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure Treated With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy - a Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, PolandRan2013 to 2017Enrolled60ConditionsAtrial Fibrillation, Heart FailureArmsAmiodarone, External electrical cardioversion (EEC), Pharmacotherapy to slow and control ventricular rate, Atrioventricular junction ablation (AVJA)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with concomitant cardiac surgery: a state-of-the-art review.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jan B Ciszewski2nd Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Centre of Cardiac Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology (Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii Stefana kardynała Wyszyńskiego Państwowy Instytut Badawczy), 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland. jciszewski@ikard.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-0059
Mateusz Tajstra3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
Ilona KowalikNational Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Aleksander Maciąg2nd Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Centre of Cardiac Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology (Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii Stefana kardynała Wyszyńskiego Państwowy Instytut Badawczy), 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland.
Tomasz ChwyczkoDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Agnieszka JankowskaNational Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Edyta Smolis-BąkDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Bohdan FirekDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Dariusz Zając2nd Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Centre of Cardiac Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology (Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii Stefana kardynała Wyszyńskiego Państwowy Instytut Badawczy), 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland.
Jarosław KarwowskiNational Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Hanna SzwedNational Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Mariusz Pytkowski2nd Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Centre of Cardiac Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology (Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii Stefana kardynała Wyszyńskiego Państwowy Instytut Badawczy), 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland.
Mariusz Gąsior3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
Maciej Sterliński1st Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Centre of Cardiac Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.

Funding

Narodowy Instut Kardiologii Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego 2.30/VII/13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) recipients. It is a marker of impaired CRT response mainly mediated by the reduction of effectively captured biventricular paced beats (BiVp). There are no randomized trials comparing strategies to maintain high BiVp percentage.

objectiveTo compare the efficacy of rhythm vs rate control strategies in CRT recipients with long-standing persistent AF.

methodsWe performed a randomized trial including CRT recipients with persistent AF resulting in low BiVp%. All patients received amiodarone, the rhythm control group received external electrical cardioversion (EC), and the rate control group received atrioventricular node ablation, if needed. The primary end-point was 12-month BiVp% (NCT).

results43 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 68.4 (SD: ± 8.3) years and the mean BiVp% 82.4% ± 9.7%. AF lasted 25 ± 19 months. The mean baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrium area, and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were: 30 ± 8%, 33 ± 7 cm

conclusionDespite comparable BiVp% in both groups, only restoration of SR led to improved left ventricular ejection fraction in CRT patients with long-standing AF.

trial registrationNCT01850277 registered on 22/04/2013.

Indexed as

AmiodaroneAtrial FibrillationCardiac Resynchronization TherapyElectric CountershockHeart RateAgedAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsStroke VolumeTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeAmiodaroneAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsAtrial fibrillationBiventricular paced beats percentageCardiac resynchronizationElectrical cardioversionHeart failure

Identifiers

PMID39387937
PMCPMC13013124

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.