ReviewChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2024
Particularities of spasticity in myelomeningocele patients.
Review in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gait in childhood and adulthood in persons with myelomeningocele - a retrospective analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveMyelomeningocele (MMC), a congenital neural tube defect, is the most common developmental anomaly of the central nervous system (CNS). Spasticity is among the main disabling factors in these patients, affecting up to 1/5 of children. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding spasticity in MMC patients, mainly focusing on its manifestations and management.
methodsA literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for the terms "myelomeningocele" and "spasticity." Data were collected by 5 independent investigators and then synthesized in a scoping format.
resultsCauses of spasticity in these patients include hydrocephalus, tethered cord syndrome (TCS), syringomyelia, CNS infection, and associated congenital brain and spine anomalies. Clinical manifestations include limb spasticity and neurogenic bladder. Spasticity primarily affects muscles below the neurological level and contributes to gait impairment. Besides walking ability, spasticity also severely affects functional mobility in general, self-care, and quality of life. The majority of MMC patients experience neurogenic bladder. Treatment of spasticity can be symptomatic or target its cause. Medical and surgical options are available for both limb and bladder spasticity. Regular physiotherapy and orthotics are used to prevent contractures and the early introduction of orthoses is the cornerstone of a gait training program. Neurosurgical treatment options for spasticity include nonablative and ablative procedures such as selective dorsal rhizototmy. The urodynamic pattern guides treatment strategies, with intermittent catheterization being the best treatment option for patients with underactive detrusor and overactive sphincter muscles.
conclusionGiven the particularities of spasticity in MMC patients, a multidisciplinary team approach and early rehabilitation programs are keys for their optimal management.
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