ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Biomarkers of post-acute infection syndrome: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia in acute COVID-19 and long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals dysregulation of innate immune signaling in early-life respiratory syncytial virus infection with subsequent low-level cadmium exposure.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Immune regulation by erythroid cells: how erythroid progenitor cells and mature red blood cells shape immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Nitrous Oxide as a Recreational Drug of Abuse: Multi-Omics Insights into MAPK/ERK/CREB-Mediated Neurotoxicity and Energy Metabolism Collapse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Immunophenotyping of Monocytes and Dendritic Cells Suggests Distinct Pathophysiology in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Identification of Biomarker in Kidney Stone Disease by Integrating Transcriptomics and Olink Proteomics: A Case-Control Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Artemin Serves as a Novel Predictive Biomarker and Exerts a Protective Effect Against Preterm Birth.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Soluble CD14 promotes Th17 expansion and differentiation through gamma-aminobutyric acid and expands infidel innate lymphoid cells.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals immune remodeling of monocytes, NK cells, T cell exhaustion, and Galectin-9-associated depletion of gamma delta and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in Long COVID with ME/CFS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrated immune, hormonal, and transcriptomic profiling reveals sex-specific dysregulation in long COVID patients with ME/CFS.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Role of Galanin system and insulin resistance parameters as predictive tools for diagnosis of Long-COVID patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Biomarkers over Time: From Visual Contrast Sensitivity to Transcriptomics in Differentiating Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess plasma galectin-9 (Gal-9) and artemin (ARTN) concentrations as potential biomarkers to differentiate individuals with Long COVID (LC) patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered (R) and healthy controls (HCs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined a cut-off value of plasma Gal-9 and ARTN to differentiate LC patients from the R group and HCs in two independent cohorts. Positive correlations were observed between elevated plasma Gal-9 levels and inflammatory markers (e.g. SAA and IP-10), as well as sCD14 and I-FABP in LC patients. Gal-9 also exhibited a positive correlation with cognitive failure scores, suggesting its potential role in cognitive impairment in LC patients with ME/CFS. This study highlights plasma Gal-9 and/or ARTN as sensitive screening biomarkers for discriminating LC patients from controls. Notably, the elevation of LPS-binding protein in LC patients, as has been observed in HIV infected individuals, suggests microbial translocation. However, despite elevated Gal-9, we found a significant decline in ARTN levels in the plasma of people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study provides a novel and important role for Gal-9/ARTN in LC pathogenesis.
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