ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2024
Distinct characteristics of BTLA/HVEM axis expression on Tregs and its impact on the expansion and attributes of Tregs in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and tumor immunity by metals and metalloids: mechanistic insights and human health implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- BTLA: An Emerging Immune Checkpoint Target in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- CCR4⁺ memory Tregs and PD-1⁺ T cells as novel immunodiagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characterizing the immune landscape of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Understanding PTB immunity is of potential value for exploring immunotherapy for treating chemotherapy-resistant PTB. CD4 Methods: Here, we employed flow cytometry to determine the frequency of Tregs and the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and its ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), on Tregs in patients with active PTB. Furthermore, the expression of conventional T cells and of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) on Tregs in patients with active PTB was determined. We then examined the characteristics of BTLA/HVEM expression and its correlation with Treg frequency and PD-L1 and PD-1 expression on Tregs in PTB patients. Results: The frequency of Tregs was increased in PTB patients and it had a relevance to PTB progression. Intriguingly, the axis of cosignal molecules, BTLA and HVEM, were both downregulated on the Tregs of PTB patients compared with healthy controls (HCs), which was the opposite of their upregulation on conventional T cells. Unexpectedly, their expression levels were positively correlated with the frequency of Tregs, respectively. These seemingly contradictory results may be interpreted as follows: the downregulation of BTLA and HVEM may alleviate BTLA/HVEM Conclusion: Our study illuminated distinct characteristics of BTLA/HVEM axis expression on Tregs and uncovered its impact on the expansion and attributes of Tregs in patients with active PTB. Therefore, blockade of the BTLA/HVEM axis may be a promising potential pathway to reduce Treg expansion for the improvement of anti-MTB immune responses.
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