ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2024
Maternal oral probiotic use is associated with decreased breastmilk inflammatory markers, infant fecal microbiome variation, and altered recognition memory responses in infants-a pilot observational study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Supplementation withNutrients · 2026Trial
- Parental microbiome programming of early-life neurodevelopment: multi-niche contributions through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Effect of Probiotics on the Gut-Mammary Pathway: Implications on Infant Microbiota Transfer and Development.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- The Maternal Microbiome in Pregnancy: From Physiological Changes to Dysbiosis and Obstetrical Complications-Therapeutic Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Protecting Newborns from Multidrug-Resistant Infections: The Emerging Role of Bacteriophages.Viruses · 2026Review
- A One Health Decalogue for Breastfeeding: Microbiota-Targeted Strategies for Infant Gastrointestinal and Neurodevelopmental Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Interconnected Developmental Trajectories of the Brain, Gut, and Sleep in Early Life: The First 1000 Days of Nutritional Opportunity.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammatory mechanisms and pharmacological advances in autism spectrum disorder: from inflammatory pathways to targeted interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Programming the Infant Gut: How Maternal and Early Life Nutrition Shape the Infant Microbiome and Long-term Health-A Narrative Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Maternal probiotics intake during pregnancy and exclusive colostrum breastfeeding are associated with a reduced risk of neonatal jaundice.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Transdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training integrates women's and children's health with life-course brain capital strategies: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Early life gut microbiomes are important for brain and immune system development in animal models. Probiotic use has been proposed as a strategy to promote health via modulation of microbiomes. In this observational study, we explore if early life exposure to probiotics via the mother during pregnancy and lactation, is associated with decreased inflammation in breastmilk, maternal and infant microbiome variation, and altered infant neurodevelopmental features. Methods: Exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant dyads were recruited as part of the "Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth (MILk) Study." Probiotic comparison groups were defined by exposure to maternal probiotics (NO/YES) and by timing of probiotic exposure (prenatal, postnatal, total). C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels were determined in breastmilk by immunoassays, and microbiomes were characterized from 1-month milk and from 1- and 6-month infant feces by 16S rDNA sequencing. Infant brain function was profiled via electroencephalogram (EEG); we assessed recognition memory using event-related potential (ERP) responses to familiar and novel auditory (1 month) and visual (6 months) stimuli. Statistical comparisons of study outcomes between probiotic groups were performed using permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (microbiome) and linear models (all other study outcomes), including relevant covariables as indicated. Results: We observed associations between probiotic exposure and lower breastmilk CRP and IL-6 levels, and infant gut microbiome variation at 1- and 6-months of age (including higher abundances of Discussion: These results support continued research into "Microbiota-Gut-Brain" connections during early life and the role of pre- and postnatal probiotics in mothers to promote healthy microbiome-associated outcomes in infants.
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