ArticleWomen's health nursing (Seoul, Korea)2024
Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among Bhutanese mothers: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Women's health nursing (Seoul, Korea), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Workplace Stress, Overcommitment, and Maternal Health as Predictors of Postpartum Depression: A Case-Control Study Among Employed Married Women in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Emotional distress among postpartum women in central Nepal: a cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors influencing postpartum depression and its culture-specific cutoffs for women in Asia: a scoping review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposeThis study investigated the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and explored associated factors among mothers attending postnatal care in Bhutan.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2023 at a national referral hospital in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. In total, 314 mothers were recruited. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, obstetric, and infant-related data were collected using questionnaires. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a threshold of ≥11, was employed to screen for PPD, and logistic regression was used to test the potential factors.
resultsThe prevalence of PPD was 14.97%. Mothers with a perceived change in body image (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91-10.17; p=.001), perceived heightened stress after delivery (AOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.45-9.67; p=.006), poor relationship with inlaws (AOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24-5.30; p=. 011), and negative birth experience (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.17-5.00; p=.016) demonstrated significantly higher odds of developing PPD. However, mothers with a higher monthly family income (Bhutanese ngultrum [Nu.] 20,000 to <50,000; AOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.92; p=.033), ≥Nu. 50,000 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13-1.07, p=.067) compared to <Nu. 20,000, and advanced gestational age (37 to <41 weeks; AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71; p=.009) and ≥41 weeks (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00-0.75; p=.028) compared to <37 weeks had significantly lower risks of PPD.
conclusionTo mitigate the prevalence and risk of PPD, prioritizing screening strategies and interventions may benefit mothers with perceived changes in body image and heightened perceived stress after delivery, poor relationships with in-laws, and those with negative birth experiences.
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