ArticleBMC public health2024
Associations between reproductive factors and the prevalence of depression: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary Phytochemicals and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: Evidence from Undergraduate Students in Türkiye.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Marital control, domestic violence justification, and mental health: a study of married women in Bangladesh.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between age at first birth and cognitive function in women 60 years and older: the 2011-2014 cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations of Birth Interval With Prevalence of Depression in Postmenopausal Women.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- Reproductive History and Infertility Risk: Insights from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Association Between Reproductive Lifespan and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Women Aged 65 Years and Older: A Cohort Study Using NHANES 1999-2018 Data.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to explore the relationship between female reproductive factors (age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB), gravidity, and number of live birth (NLB)) and prevalence of depression among the US women.
methodsThe relationship between AFB, ALB, gravidity, and NLB with the prevalence of depression was explored using publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. This cross-sectional study included female participants aged 20 years and older, with reproductive factors and depressive symptoms reported by the participants. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥ 10 representing major depression disorder. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to explore the association of AFB, ALB, gravidity and NLB with depression.
resultsIn this study of 11,488 US women, 1,332 (11.6%) women had depression. Compared to the reference group of women with AFB under 18 years, the fully adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for depression were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.95), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.93) for women with AFB of 21-23, 24-26, and 27-29 years, respectively. Furthermore, women with five or more pregnancies had a significantly higher prevalence of depression compared to those with two or fewer pregnancies (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.42). RCS models demonstrated linear associations of ALB, gravidity and NLB with the prevalence of depression. Additionally, the RCS analysis revealed a roughly L-shaped relationship between AFB and prevalence of depression.
conclusionsWomen with later AFB are associated with a decreased prevalence of depression, while multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased prevalence of depression. These findings suggest that reproductive factors should be considered when screening for and developing preventive strategies for depression.
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