ReviewNature immunology2024
Vaccination against rapidly evolving pathogens and the entanglements of memory.
Review in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Immune imprinting in a changing world.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Vaccination in Individuals With and Without Prior Infection.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase are shaped by immune history.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Preexisting Humoral Immunity Against Seasonal Coronaviruses Enhances Antibody Responses on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immunological memory to vaccines.Immunity · 2026Review
- Attenuating age-related decline in dendritic cell migration improves vaccine efficacy via gut-immune crosstalk.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Transcriptional signatures of rapid protection from Sudan virus infection by a single dose of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Mapping the specificity of H3N2 strain-specific and cross-reactive human neutralizing antibodies elicited by the 2025-2026 influenza vaccine.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Influenza vaccination post-COVID-19 expands vaccine-specific effector CD4 T-cells and Tregs under positive influence of host trained innate immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Twenty years of human bocavirus research: from an unculturable virus of unclear pathogenicity to a culturable human pathogen and gene therapy vector candidate.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Different antigenic distance metrics generate similar predictions of influenza vaccine response breadth despite moderate correlation.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- NanoDeNovo: De Novo Design of Anti-Poliovirus I Sabin Strain Nanobodies by Semi-Automated Computational Pipeline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase are shaped by immune history.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Mutated epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 variants are poorly immunogenic.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Intrinsic immunogenicity is a major determinant of type-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 infections.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Immune memory determines infection risk and responses to future infections and vaccinations over potentially decades of life. Despite its centrality, the dynamics of memory to antigenically variable pathogens remains poorly understood. This Review examines how past exposures shape B cell responses to vaccinations with influenza and SARS-CoV-2. An overriding feature of vaccinations with these pathogens is the recall of primary responses, often termed 'imprinting' or 'original antigenic sin'. These recalled responses can inhibit the generation of new responses unless some incompletely defined conditions are met. Depending on the context, immune memory can increase or decrease the total neutralizing antibody response to variant antigens, with apparent consequences for protection. These effects are easier to measure experimentally than epidemiologically, but there is evidence that both early and recent exposures influence vaccine effectiveness. A few immunological interactions between adaptive immune responses and antigens might explain the seemingly discrepant effects of memory. Overall, the complex observations point to a need for more quantitative approaches to integrate high-dimensional immune data from populations with diverse exposure histories. Such approaches could help identify optimal vaccination strategies against antigenically diverse pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.