ArticleKidney research and clinical practice2026
A noninvasive method of diagnosing membranous nephropathy using exosomes derived from urine.
Article in Kidney research and clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unmet needs and challenges in the development of noninvasive diagnostics for kidney disease.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Non-invasive profiling of exosomal miRNA and protein biomarkers from vaginal discharge for the early detection of preterm labor.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Efficient methods of isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles.Nano convergence · 2025Review
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMembranous nephropathy (MN) is a specific autoimmune disease affecting kidneys. It is characterized by the accumulation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane. Renal biopsy is currently the standard procedure to confirm the diagnosis, although the presence of autoantibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) can also help diagnose. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of urinary exosomes as noninvasive markers for diagnosing MN.
methodsExosomes were extracted from urine samples of five patients with MN and four healthy controls. The concentration of PLA2R was measured in both urine and isolated exosomes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The measurements were adjusted based on the urine creatinine (UCr) level of each participant.
resultsThe levels of PLA2R/UCr were investigated in urine and urine-derived exosomes from patients and controls. Results of the analysis revealed significantly higher expression of PLA2R/UCr in patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of PLA2R/UCr was higher in urine-derived exosomes than in urine samples. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of PLA2R/UCr and the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, with urine-derived exosomes exhibiting a stronger correlation than urine samples.
conclusionStudies have indicated that measuring exosomal PLA2R/UCr levels in urine could be a noninvasive method for diagnosing MN. Using urine-derived exosomes could also reduce the burden of performing a biopsy on patients and facilitate follow-up treatment, such as monitoring for future recurrence.
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