ArticleAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2025
Black Hole Sign under Anticoagulant Therapy: A Retrospective Comparison of Warfarin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants.
Article in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Current evidence and future directions for prophylactic anticoagulation therapy after severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a narrative review.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeDirect oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have rapidly replaced warfarin. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is known to be one of the most severe side effects of anticoagulant drugs. The black hole (BH) sign is reportedly a valid radiologic sign for predicting hematoma expansion in acute ICH. Here, we hypothesized that the frequency of BH signs might differ between warfarin and DOAC treatment. We critically evaluated the clinical value of the BH sign in acute ICH under warfarin versus DOAC therapy. MATERIALS AND
methodsPatients with acute ICH under anticoagulant therapy were enrolled. Hematoma volumes were measured by ABC/2. Radiologists blinded to the clinical information determined the presence or absence of the BH sign on CT images. This study defined a more than 12.5 mL increase in hematoma volume as cases with "expanded hematoma."
resultsWe analyzed 111 patients with acute ICH under anticoagulant therapy. Among them, 21 patients were treated with antagonists in this cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of ventricular perforation (
conclusionsThe BH sign is a useful radiologic signature to predict the expansion of acute ICH under anticoagulant therapy. ICH under warfarin tended to present the BH sign more frequently than that under DOAC. The results also showed that the BH sign is more reliable under warfarin than under DOAC therapy in patients with ICH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.