ArticleOrthodontics & craniofacial research2025
In Vitro Comparison of Direct Attachment Shape and Size on the Orthodontic Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoplastic Aligners During Expansion.
Article in Orthodontics & craniofacial research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of attachment design and light-curing duration on shear bond strength in clear aligners.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Biomechanical effects of attachment position and pressure ridge design on maxillary arch expansion with clear aligners: a finite element analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of wear amounts of different composite resin attachments used in clear aligner treatment over a 6-month period: a retrospective study.The Angle orthodontist · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Efficiency of In-House Clear Aligners in Limited Orthodontic Treatment.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Comparison of maxillary arch expansion using clear aligners with and without composite attachments - A finite element study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- In Vitro Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Attachment Shapes and Locations on Extrusion of the Upper Left Lateral Incisor Using Thermoplastic Aligners.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Article
- Impacts of surface wear of attachments on maxillary canine distalization with clear aligners: a three-dimensional finite element study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of varying direct attachment shape and size on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion. MATERIALS AND
methodsAn in vitro orthodontic force tester (OFT) was used to measure the forces and moments from a typodont where the buccal teeth were translated lingually 0.2 mm to simulate expansion. Hemi-ellipsoid and rectangular attachments with either 0.5 or 1.0 mm thickness were added on upper right first premolar (UR4), second premolar (UR5) and first molar (UR6). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine two-way interactions among the factors on the outcomes.
resultsThe interactions between group and tooth were significant for all outcomes (p < 0.001). The greatest buccal forces (Fy) were observed with 1 mm rectangular attachment on the UR4 (0.78 ± 0.29 N), with 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachment on UR5 (0.28 ± 0.21 N) and with 0.5 mm rectangular attachment on UR6 (1.71 ± 0.18 N). The greatest buccolingual moments (Mx) were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachment on UR4 (5.61 ± 1.43 Nmm), without any attachments on UR5 (3.33 ± 1.73 Nmm) and with 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachment on UR6 (4.18 ± 4.31).
conclusionDirect attachment shape and size had a significant effect on the orthodontic forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion. Although loads varied significantly by tooth morphology and its location in the arch, best forces and moments for expansion were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachments on UR4s, 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachments on UR5s and 0.5 mm rectangular attachments on UR6s.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.