Clinical Outcomes of Collagenase Injections in Management of Dupuytren Contracture of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint.

Purpose: Dupuytren contracture is characterized by the formation of cords and nodules in the palm. Surgical release has historically been the definitive treatment. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) has been used successfully as an alternative to surgery. The treatment of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) contractures is the most challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CCH treatment for Dupuytren contracture of the PIP joint. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for CCH treatment of Dupuytren contracture at a single institution from January 2010 to April 2023. Data collected included pretreatment/posttreatment total flexion contracture and adverse events. Contractures were analyzed both by severity (high >40° and low <40°) and type (isolated PIP; combined metacarpophalangeal and PIP). Results: A total of 304 patients with 470 PIP joints treated were included. Digits with isolated and combined contractures each had an average pre-CCH treatment contracture of 51 (±23) degrees. Postmanipulations the contractures were 6 (±13) and 7 (±16) degrees, respectively. Clinical success (<5° residual contracture) and improvement (>50% correction of contracture) were associated with low severity contractures at postmanipulation. There were 256 adverse events recorded (54.5%), including 187 skin tears (39.8%), 68 cases of lymphadenopathy (14.5%), and one injection site infection (0.2%). High severity and combined contractures were independently associated with an increased incidence of skin tears upon manipulation. Conclusions: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum treatment is effective for isolated or combined PIP joint contractures. Adverse events were associated with more severe contractures. Given the degree of improvement based on contracture severity, earlier intervention may provide better correction of contracture. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic III.