ReviewJournal of hand surgery global online2024
Xylazine-Associated Wounds of the Upper Extremity: Evaluation and Algorithmic Surgical Strategy.
Review in Journal of hand surgery global online, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Musculoskeletal imaging findings of xylazine-associated wounds.Emergency radiology · 2026Article
- Discovery, Structural Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Xylazine Poisoning.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Surgical Challenges and Harm-reduction Strategies in Xylazine-associated Wounds: A Systematic Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- When delay costs a limb: Severe chronic osteomyelitis in a patient with intravenous drug use.Trauma case reports · 2026Article
- A Review of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agents Implicated in Opioid Use Disorder.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Article
- Evidence that xylazine disrupts skin homeostasis by acting on epithelial cells through the kappa opioid receptor.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Analysis of Xylazine Within Fouling-Resistant and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Modified Electrode Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Guidance to Care for Persons With Xylazine-Associated Wounds.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Treating Xylazine-associated Wounds: Considering a Role for Plastic Surgeons.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Letter Regarding "Xylazine-Associated Wounds of the Upper Extremity: Evaluation and Algorithmic Surgical Strategy".Journal of hand surgery global online · 2024Article
- Fouling-Resistant Voltammetric Xylazine Sensors for Detection of the Street Drug "Tranq".Toxics · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of an Image-Based Deep Learning Tool for Identification of Xylazine-Associated Wounds.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
- Prevalence of Wounds and Association With Xylazine Using Respondent-driven Sampling Among People Who Inject Drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coadministration of xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer, with illicit fentanyl has led to severe soft tissue injuries, ranging from superficial irritation to deep tissue necrosis and even bone involvement, because of multifactorial tissue toxicity. Despite its non-opioid nature, xylazine enhances and prolongs the euphoric effects of fentanyl, exacerbating the potential for abuse. The pathogenesis of the tissue damage from xylazine is multifactorial but most akin to a burn from local tissue injury. With illicit opioids increasingly adulterated with xylazine, particularly in urban areas like Philadelphia, the prevalence of associated wounds, especially in the upper extremities, is anticipated to rise. Managing these wounds demands a multidisciplinary approach, with hand surgeons and reconstructive surgeons playing a central role. This review summarizes the historical context, pharmacodynamics, initial evaluation, wound categorization, algorithmic treatment, and expected outcomes of xylazine-associated wounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.