ArticleCurrent health sciences journal
The External Carotid Artery and the Styloid Process.
Article in Current health sciences journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Compression Syndromes of the Stylohyoid Complex: Neural, Arterial, and Venous Phenotypes in a Dynamic Neurovascular Corridor.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- A condylar imprint of Farabeuf's knocker and associated cervical variants.Anatomical science international · 2026Article
- Segmental vertebral artery agenesis with deep cervical reconstitution in a cervicothoracic variant cluster.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- The Stylohyoid Complex: An Update on Its Embryology, Comparative Anatomy and Human Variations.Biology · 2025Review
- Double ascending pharyngeal artery: the first evidence.Anatomical science international · 2025Article
- Anatomical Reasons for an Impaired Internal Jugular Flow.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The Anatomical Relationship Between the Hyoid Bone and the Carotid Arteries.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Retropharyngeal course of the superior thyroid artery - a novel finding.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- The Anatomy of the Stylohyoid Chain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Retrostyloid and retromandibular courses of the external carotid artery.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- Details of rare and novel anatomical variations in a case with bilateral long styloid processes.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologieArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe external carotid artery (ECA) is typically regarded as coursing between the styloid muscles to continue into the parotid space. The anatomical possibility of an ECA with an ascending parapharyngeal trajectory continuing posteriorly to an elongated styloid process (ESP), thus retrostyloid, to the parotid space is overlooked. It was, therefore, aimed to document the prevalence of this retrostyloid variant of the ECA's course.
methodsWe investigated a retrospective random cohort of 160 archived CT angiograms of 97 males and 63 females aged between 47 and 76. The presence of an ESP and the retrostyloid course of the ECA were bilaterally documented.
resultsAn ESP was identified in 99/320 sides (30.94%), regardless of the ECA course. In the overall group, we obtained 35% null cases for the two variables on the right and 34.06% for the left. ESPs were identified in 8.75% on the right side and 10.31% on the left. The ECAs had retrostyloid courses in 6.25% on the right side and 5.63% on the left. Thus, of the 320 ECAs documented on both sides, 221 (69.06%) had no retrostyloid courses, and we did not identify any ESP in those cases. ESPs were detected in 19.06% of the sides but without retrostyloid ECAs, and retrostyloid courses of the ECAs were detected in 11.88%.
conclusionsThe possibility of a retrostyloid course of the ECA should not be ignored. An ESP may misinform the surgeon about the main carotid artery located immediately deep to it.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.