SynthesisJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2025
Area-Level Factors of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents in European Neighborhoods - a Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Dental Caries and Tooth Loss? A Systematic Review.Caries research · 2025Pooled it
- Exploratory Grouping Along a Shared Oral-Health Burden Continuum in Children and Adolescents: An Age-Stratified Cluster Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Age-Stratified Association Between CPI Screening Categories and Caries Experience in the Permanent Dentition of Children and Adolescents from Southwest Romania: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pathways from socioeconomic inequalities to dental caries disparities: oral health literacy versus behaviors in 35- to 44-year-old adults in Guangdong, China.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Oral Health Conditions and Physical Performance in Two Different Professional Team Sports in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Oral health status, on-ice and off-ice test performance, and match performance in elite male ice hockey players: a pilot study.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The WHO emphasizes the importance of taking area-level factors into account when formulating public health interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify which area-level factors are associated with children's dental caries in Europe and might therefore be a suitable starting point for public health interventions. We conducted a systematic review based on a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library including all European studies on caries in children and their area-level factors published since the year 2000 in English or German. We included 39 studies and identified 13 area-level factors investigated in the literature: degree of urbanization, deprivation, mean housing price, gross-national product, mean level of education, unemployment proportion and income, density of supermarkets, snack bars and dental offices, health, diet, and crime. Rural residency and higher unemployment were weakly associated with poorer oral health regarding dental caries. Deprivation showed a stronger (inverse) association. For income, findings were ambiguous; studies showed associations in both directions. For the other determinants, the included studies found no association. Many studies reported associations between place of residence and children's dental caries, but the mediators on this causal path are still not clearly established. The area-level factors analyzed in this review seem to play a role, but more studies with designs that allow causal interpretation of findings are needed to establish solid robust evidence that can be used in the formulation of future health policies.
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