Trial reportScientific reports2024
Left ventricular systolic function after inhalation of beta-2 agonists in healthy athletes.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular Implications of the Enhanced Games: Performance Enhancing Drugs in Competition and Recreation.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Annual Banned-Substance Review 18th Edition-Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing 2024/2025.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Review
- Performance-Enhancing Effects of Inhaled Medications: Implications for Heart, Muscle Function, and Doping Detection in Athletes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Review
- Detecting heart failure in severe asthma patients using speckle tracking echocardiography.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- A 10-year interval of cardiovascular effects of albuterol in asthma management: Graphical review.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inhaled beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists (iβ2A) are routinely used as bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma. However, their cardiac effects in athletes are scarcely examined. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of iβ2A on left ventricular (LV) systolic function (SF) by echocardiography in healthy, non-asthmatic female and male endurance athletes. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, balanced, 4-way complete block cross-over study was conducted. Twenty-four healthy athletes (12f/12m: 22.9 ± 2.7/24.4 ± 4.6 years) randomly completed 4 study arms (placebo; salbutamol; formoterol; formoterol + salbutamol). After inhalation of the study medication, the participants performed a 10-min time trial (TT) on a bicycle ergometer. After each TT an echocardiography was performed to determine LVSF. Blood samples were collected pre, post, 3 h and 24 h post TT. In females, total serum concentrations for salbutamol and formoterol were higher. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV global longitudinal strain (LVendoGLS) showed a treatment effect for the whole study group (p < 0.0001) and a sex effect on LVEF (p = 0.0085). In women, there was a significant treatment effect for all medication arms (at least p ≤ 0.01) both on LVEF and LVendoGLS. In men only formoterol and formoterol + salbutamol displayed a treatment effect on LVEF (p = 0.0427, p = 0.0330; respectively), whereas on LVendoGLS only formoterol + salbutamol was significant (p = 0.0473). The iβ2A significantly influenced LVSF after an acute bout of exercise in healthy endurance athletes. These effects were even more pronounced when combining both iβ2A that supports a dose-dependent effect on cardiac function. Moreover, female athletes had higher serum concentrations of β2 agonists and stronger effects on LVSF compared to male athletes. This is mainly explained by differences in body weight and related plasma volume and may indicate a potential risk when increasing dose above the tested concentrations. Trial registration: At the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials (Eudra CT) with the number 201,500,559,819 (registered prospectively on 09/12/2015) and at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS number 00010574 registered retrospectively on 16/11/2021).
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