Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39379418›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children living with HIV at Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.

Gashaw Kerebeh, Demewoz Kefale, Ermias Sisay Chanie, Natnael Moges, Dejen Getaneh Feleke, Amare Kassaw, Agimasie Tigabu, Berihun Bantie, Abraham Tsedalu Amare, Gebrie Kassaw Yirga and 8 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Gashaw KerebehDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. gashawkerebeh22@gmail.com.
Demewoz KefaleDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Ermias Sisay ChanieDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Natnael MogesDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Dejen Getaneh FelekeDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Amare KassawDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Agimasie TigabuDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Berihun BantieDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Abraham Tsedalu AmareDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Gebrie Kassaw YirgaDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Teshale MengeshaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Tsegasew EmbialeDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Molla AzmerawDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Sheganew FeteneDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Wubet Alebachew BayihDepartment of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Kirubel ShiferawDepartment of Psychiatric, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tamiru AleneDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Aklilu EndalamawDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the dramatic decline in the incidence of common opportunistic infections (OIs) after antiretroviral therapy initiation, they remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children with HIV. For better interventions, information regarding the incidence and predictors of common OIs is essential for Children living with HIV. Still, there is a lack of studies in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the incidence and predictors of common OIs among Children living with HIV on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at public health institutions in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia. The reasons for excluding children not on ART is we want to study the effectiveness of chronic HIV care service, ART drugs and OIs prophylaxis drugs for the prevention of common OIs because it is obvious that the occurrence of OIs in children not on ART and OIs prophylaxis drugs is high. A health institution-based retrospective cohort study was done among 403 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children at public health institutions in Bahir Dar City from 2010 to 2020. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14.0. A bivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed to appreciate the relationship between each explanatory variable with the outcome variable. In the bivariable analysis, variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were candidates for the multivariable proportional hazard model. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine predictors of common opportunistic infections at a 5% significance level. The overall incidence rate of common opportunistic infections was 7.06 with a 95% confidence interval ((CI) 5.78, 9.75) per 100 person-years of observation. Statically significant predictors were World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage III and IV (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.90; (95% CI 1.34, 2.75), having fair/poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) (AHR) = 1.80; (95% CI 1.25, 2.94) and hemoglobin level < 10 g/dl (AHR) = 2.00; (95% CI 1.36, 2.89). The overall incidence rate of common OIs among children living with HIV on ART was high. Independent predictors of common OIs among children on ART were advanced-stage of HIV disease, poor ART adherence, and lower hemoglobin level. Therefore, we recommend strongly working on the prevention of advanced stages of HIV disease and improving poor ART adherence to prevent the incidence of OIs among children living with HIV on ART.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsAdolescentAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-HIV AgentsChildChild, PreschoolEthiopiaFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-HIV AgentsChildrenCommonEthiopiaHIVOpportunistic

Identifiers

PMID39379418
PMCPMC11461838

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