ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Systematic Analysis and Network Mapping of Disease Associations in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and hashimoto thyroiditis: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 4 involving diabetes mellitus type 1, autoimmune hepatitis, immune thrombocytopenia, and celiac disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of our work was to provide a data-driven perspective to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS), a complex autoimmune disorder, supplementing traditional clinical observations.
methodsMedical records of 7559 patients were analyzed, and autoimmune origin was proved in 3180 cases of which 380 (12%) had APS. Associations of component disorders were investigated by computational methods to reveal typical patterns of disease development.
resultsTwenty-eight distinct autoimmune disorders were diagnosed forming 113 combinations. The 10 most frequent combinations were responsible for 51.3% of cases. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) were differentiated as the main cornerstones of APS, sharing several comorbidities. HT was the most common manifestation (67.4%), followed by GD (26.8%) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) (20.8%). APS started significantly earlier in men than in women. Thyroid autoimmunity was frequently linked to gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations, and these patterns of associations substantially differed from that of T1D, Addison's disease, or coeliac disease when present as first manifestations, suggesting the possibility of a common biological cause.
conclusionAPS is more frequent than reported. Classifying APS requires a shift of perspective toward disease associations rather than disorder prevalence.
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