ArticleERJ open research2024
Cognitive interference of respiratory
Article in ERJ open research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inspiratory muscle loading with dyspnea limits simulated driving performance in young adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Asthma: Biomedical and Psychobiological Perspectives.Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2025Review
- A short bout of low to moderate aerobic exercise influences cognitive performance in healthy adults based on task type, timing, and individual factors.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Inspiratory threshold loading (ITL) and associated dyspnoea have been shown to interfere with cognition during cognitive-motor dual tasking. However, ITL has not been compared with another rhythmic muscle activity, such as lower limb pedalling. While ITL has been shown to interfere with cognition, the mechanism of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during ITL or other rhythmical muscle dual tasking, has not been elucidated. Given the cognitive interference that arises during ITL, we hypothesise that ITL cognitive-motor dual tasking will result in greater cognitive decrements and increased PFC activity compared with the pedalling cognitive-motor dual task. Methods: 30 healthy participants (16 females; median age 23 (interquartile range 23-24) years) were recruited. They performed five 3-min tasks in a single visit in a random order: single tasks were ITL, pedalling and Stroop task and dual tasks were ITL-Stroop and pedalling-Stroop. Participant's PFC activity was assessed bilaterally using functional near-infrared spectroscopy throughout each task. Single- and dual-task cognitive performance was evaluated by measuring Stroop task reaction time and accuracy. Dyspnoea and rating of perceived exertion were evaluated at the end of each task. Results: ITL-Stroop resulted in greater impairments in reaction time (p<0.001), accuracy (p<0.01) and increased medial/dorsolateral PFC activity (p≤0.006) than pedalling-Stroop. ITL-Stroop elicited greater Borg dyspnoea and rating of perceived exertion than pedalling-Stroop (p<0.001), despite pedalling-Stroop having a greater heart rate response (p<0.001). Conclusion: The heightened cognitive decrements, perceptual response and PFC activity suggest that inspiratory muscle loading and its accompanied dyspnoea results in greater cognitive interference than rhythmic pedalling.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.