ArticleCureus2024
Evaluation of Mortality Rate Disparities for Cardiac Arrest Between Urban and Rural Cohorts in the United States Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Database.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality Trends Involving Cardiac Arrest and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in U.S. Adults, 2004-2024.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Validity of out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest algorithms in the Danish National Patient Registry.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction The United States includes diverse geographic areas with distinct urban and rural settings. Urban areas served with higher health services and the rural regions with restricted facilities. This disparity results in higher rural mortality rates. Thus, the study uses the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to assess the disparities in cardiac arrest mortality rates in urban versus rural areas. Methods This is a retrospective study to assess trends in overall mortality rates for urban versus rural areas in the United States between 1999 and 2020, using the CDC WONDER data for cardiac arrest (ICD-10 CODE I46), extracted on May 25, 2024. Urban/rural classification was based on the Metropolitan 2013 scheme. Statistical analysis was done via RStudio v.4.3.3 and included measures of central tendency, mortality rates per 100,000, and plotting of temporal trends. Results Between 1999 and 2020, the total number of deaths due to cardiac arrest in rural and urban areas was 103,115 and 262,505, respectively. Among the age groups, infants <1 year and elderly >85 years showed a high mortality rate in rural areas compared to urban areas. Gender analysis revealed both males (3.3 per 100,000) and females (3.52 per 100,000) had a high rural mortality rate, compared to urban rates of 1.51 and 1.54 per 100,000, respectively. Racial analysis showed that American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations had higher mortality in rural areas, with rates of 1.1 and 1.81 per 100,000, respectively, compared to the urban rates of 0.34 and 0.8 per 100,000. Conclusion Trends in mortality rate showed a general decline over time but the gap between urban and rural mortality persists, highlighting the need for continued efforts in rural areas.
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