ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Exploring the impact of tertiary lymphoid structures maturity in NSCLC: insights from TLS scoring.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Preliminary Efficacy from a First-in-Human Study of Volrustomig, a Novel PD-1/CTLA-4 Bispecific Antibody.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Innate Immune Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Responses.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Multimodal single-cell and spatial profiling reveals altered T cell-mediated immunity and B-cell follicular architecture in non-metastatic lymph nodes of patients with aggressive non-small cell lung cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The evolving role of the immune microenvironment of tumor draining lymph nodes in the development of biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- An IHC-derived TLS-CD8-macrophage immune niche score predicts major pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable NSCLC.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neoadjuvant and perioperative cancer immunotherapy: a review and proposed framework for biomarker interpretation and validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structure can be a potential therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolite-driven dysfunction of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures: single-cell and spatial omics perspectives on cancer immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research progress of tertiary lymphoid structure in hepatocellular carcinoma: from prognostic biomarkers to new strategies for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Pivotal Functions of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy Outcomes.Cancers · 2025Review
- Density and maturity ratio of tertiary lymphoid structures in stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer predict postoperative recurrence risk.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Spatial omics technology potentially promotes the progress of tumor immunotherapy.British journal of cancer · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights into the immune biomarker of perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- [Clinical characteristics and risk factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Deep learning and inflammatory markers predict early response to immunotherapy in unresectable NSCLC: A multicenter study.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Lung cancer immunotherapy in 2025: where we stand and what comes next?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in NSCLC: from immune surveillance to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) are lymphoid structures commonly associated with improved survival of cancer patients and response to immunotherapies. However, conflicting reports underscore the need to consider TLS heterogeneity and multiple features such as TLS size, composition, and maturation status, when assessing their functional impact. With the aim of gaining insights into TLS biology and evaluating the prognostic impact of TLS maturity in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), we developed a multiplex immunofluorescent (mIF) panel including T cell (CD3, CD8), B cell (CD20), Follicular Dendritic cell (FDC) (CD21, CD23) and mature dendritic cell (DC-LAMP) markers. We deployed this panel across a cohort of primary tumor resections from NSCLC patients (N=406) and established a mIF image analysis workstream to specifically detect TLS structures and evaluate the density of each cell phenotype. We assessed the prognostic significance of TLS size, number, and composition, to develop a TLS scoring system representative of TLS biology within a tumor. TLS relative area, (total TLS area divided by the total tumor area), was the most prognostic TLS feature (C-index: 0.54, p = 0.04). CD21 positivity was a marker driving the favorable prognostic impact, where CD21
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