An Objective Study to Establish Incidence of True Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in Sleep Disordered Breathing in the Paediatric Age Group and Assessment of Benefit of Surgery (Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy) in Non Responders to Medical Treatment in Mild OSA.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is identified by instances of either full or partial collapse of the airway during sleep, leading to reduced oxygen levels or awakening from sleep. This disruption causes interrupted and insufficient sleep, impacting cardiovascular well-being, mental health, and overall quality of life. Pediatric OSA is more challenging to diagnose and a single apnoea is considered to be significant in this age group. A hospital based prospective study with 100 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years with sleep disordered breathing. Evaluated for the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and also assessed if surgery was beneficial to treat OSA in mild cases. General physical examination, evaluation of facial/oral features were conducted to rule out adenoid facies. Additionally, ENT examination was conducted. Medical history and lateral neck radiographs were reviewed, and the paediatric sleep questionnaire was administered to evaluate neurobehavioral morbidities associated with OSA. These children were evaluated for sleep disorders by conducting the polysomnography. Pediatric sleep questionnaire was also administered. The scoring and results analysis were conducted according to standardised guidelines provided by the American association for sleep medicine. Furthermore, medical management protocols were outlined, including a 6-week course of intranasal steroids and leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy, with consideration of adenotonsillectomy for patients failing medical therapy. In our study on paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), medical treatment significantly reduced clinical symptom scores in cases of mild OSA, as evidenced by pre- and post-parental sleep questionnaire scores of 23.62 ± 8.24 and 13.55 ± 6.05, respectively (paired samples test, Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-024-04813-6.