Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39375509›Full record

ArticleHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2024

Practical use and target value of urine sodium-to-potassium ratio in assessment of hypertension risk for Japanese: Consensus Statement by the Japanese Society of Hypertension Working Group on Urine Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio.

Takashi Hisamatsu, Mana Kogure, Yasuharu Tabara, Atsushi Hozawa, Atsushi Sakima, Takuya Tsuchihashi, Katsushi Yoshita, Hitomi Hayabuchi, Koichi Node, Yukari Takemi and 3 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Response to: Comment on: Association of subjective and objective physical activity with home hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  4. Observational
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Prediction of future development of hypertension in the general population using urinary Na/K ratio.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  9. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for blood pressure control using digital technologies.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  10. New evidence linking lifestyle factors to blood pressure: Focus on 2024 findings.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Current hypertension epidemiology and contemporary approaches using the "Real-World Evidence Cycle" framework.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Review
  13. Hypertension research update and perspectives 2025-epidemiology.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Elevated NaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  16. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio as a marker for apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Takashi HisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Mana KogureTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Yasuharu TabaraGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan.
Atsushi HozawaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Atsushi SakimaHealth Administration Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Takuya TsuchihashiCardiovascular Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Katsushi YoshitaGraduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Hitomi HayabuchiGraduate School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Koichi NodeDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Yukari TakemiFaculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan.
Takayoshi OhkuboDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Katsuyuki MiuraJapanese Society of Hypertension, Tokyo, Japan. miura@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
Japanese Society of Hypertension Working Group on Urine Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the urine sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is more positively associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk than either urine sodium or potassium excretion alone. In this consensus statement, we recommend using the average Na/K ratio of casual urines randomly taken in various times on at least four days a week for a reliable individual estimate because of high day-to-day and intraday variability of casual urine Na/K ratio within individuals. Although a continuous positive association exists between the Na/K ratio and high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease risk, for clinical and public health decision making for Japanese, we recommend using an average urine Na/K ratio of 2 as an optimal target value because this aligns with recommendations for both sodium and potassium intake in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2020, considering a typical Japanese dietary pattern. We also suggest that an average urine Na/K ratio of 4 is a feasible target value to achieve a temporary goal of being below the mean values of the urine Na/K ratio across Japanese general populations. These recommendations apply mainly for apparently healthy individuals, but not for patients with specific conditions due to the lack of supporting data. Current evidence for the usefulness of measuring the urine Na/K ratio for the prevention or control of hypertension remains inconclusive and warrants further investigation.

Indexed as

HypertensionPotassiumSodiumEast Asian PeopleHumansJapanPotassiumSodiumBlood pressureHypertensionSodium-to-potassium ratioTarget valueUrine

Identifiers

PMID39375509

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.